A theory is developed to describe the singlet dark state (usually labeled ${S}_{1}$ or $2{A}_{g}$) of polyenes and carotenoids. The properties this explain nonemissive linear polyenes, it responsible for photoprotection carotenoids in light harvesting complexes, because its triplet-pair character, thought be cause fission polyene-type systems. described here assumes that principle a combination...

We have studied the temperature dependence of the absorption spectra of soluble, conjugated polymers of known chain length ~;100–1000 double bonds!, synthesized by Schattenmann et al. @Macromolecules 29, 8990 ~1996!# using living polymerization techniques. The polymer spectra show significant redshifts upon cooling from 300 to 80 K. To estimate the distributions of conjugated segments in these ...

In view of the possible role of electron transfer in biology and medicine, and wide distribution of polyenes in living nature, we consider the electron transfer mechanism of geometrical cis-trans isomerization as an important route which can play a key role in many photochemical and biological processes. The various mechanisms of geometrical cis-trans isomerization mediated by electron transfer...

Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans is one of the most common microbial infections. Azoles, polyenes, allylamines, and echinocandins are classes antifungals used for treating Standard drug doses often become ineffective due to emergence multidrug resistance (MDR). This leads use higher prolonged duration, resulting in severe toxicity (nephrotoxicity liver damage) humans. However, combination...