Cyclotides are a large family of cyclic cystine knot-containing plant peptides that have anthelminthic activities against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 with the external surface of H. contortus larvae and adult worms. We show that cyc...

A reliable sperm cell toxicity test procedure has been developed for the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The sensitivity and discriminatory ability of the test were investigated with regard to surfactants and their biotransformation products. Aromatic and aliphatic surfactants of anionic (linear alkylbenzene sulfonates [LAS]) and nonionic (alcohol polyethoxylates [AE] and nonylp...

The embedding and sectioning of tissues in paraffin is a slow process. For histochemical purposes, especially for the demonstration of enzymes, preparation of tissue sections in paraffin is not desirable since the exposures of tissues to high temperatures and to several changes of dehydrating and clearing agents are detrimental to the preservation of enzymes. Gomori's (1946) experience with the...

The water relations of pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) under conditions conducive to guttation were studied to evaluate the control of plant water stress with polyethylene glycols. The addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 to the nutrient solution resulted in water relations similar to those expected in soil at the same water potentials. Specifically, xylem pressure potential in the root ...

The aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in a model wastewater was investigated employing sludge microbes from Xiamen Terylene plant. The effect of molecular weight (MW) on the aerobic/anaerobic biodegradation of PEGs was assessed by performing shake flasks/sealed flasks experiments, respectively, using organic model wastewater containing PEG 600, 6000 and 20,000....

The apparent solubilities of various proteins (14,000 to 670,000 daltons) were measured in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEGS) of different sizes. All of the solubility curves, determined by measur ing the protein concentration in the supernate of centrifuged mixtures, exhibited the characteristic linear dependence of log S (g/liter) on PEG concentration (%, w/v). For human albumin in P...

Objective: The objective of the present study is a determination of optimal ratios of polyethylene glycol:sulfanilamide at which formation of solid dispersion is observed. Also study the effect of the polymer on the limiting solubility of sulfanilamide in water. Methods: Using low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), it was made possible to obtain solid dispersions of sulfanilam...

We have found that 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids (ILs) can form immiscible liquid mixtures with some polyethylene glycols (PEGs). Binary mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride with PEG of molecular weight 1500, 2000, or 3400 g mol(-1), or of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride with PEG of molecular weight 2000 or 3400 g mol(-1), have been found to give rise to en...

During the organ transplantation process, conservation solutions must address responses to the physiologic organ preservation and prevent ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The use of colloids seems beneficial especially for long ischemia time compared to the impermeant molecules used for short time. The colloids family includes molecules as hydroxyethyl starch (HES), albumin, dextran or polyethyle...