An endopolygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase (EC 4.2.2.2), released by osmotic shock of Erwinia rubrifaciens cells, has been purified to near homogeneity (3, 100-fold) by column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and hydroxyapatite-cellulose followed by isoelectric focusing. It has a molecular weight of 41,000, s20,w of 3.09S, an isoelectric point of pH 6.25, pH op...

Pectin, the major non-cellulosic component of primary cell wall can be degraded by polygalacturonases (PGs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) during pathogen attack on plants. We characterized two novel enzymes, VdPG2 VdPME1, from fungal plant Verticillium dahliae. VdPME1 was most active citrus methylesterified (55–70%) at pH 6 a temperature 40 °C, while polygalacturonic acid 5 50 °C. Using LC-...

A polysaccharide was purified from a hot water extract of green tea leaves by measuring the immunostimulatory activity in silkworm larvae. Nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical analysis of acid hydrolysates revealed that the purified substance possessed a backbone containing polygalacturonic acids with methyl ester residues. Treatment with β-glucanase attenuated the muscle contraction activit...

Polysaccharide from Dura mater By Yoshiharu Saito and Koh-Iti Turumi (齋 藤 義 治) (鶴 見 膠 一) From the Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical College, Fukushima (Received for publication, October 10, 1954) Chemical studies of dura mater has not as yet been accomplished. Histologicaly dura mater is composed of connective tissue. We examined the tissue histochemically by periodic acid oxidation...

Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur p...

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most harmful pathogens of durum wheat and is the causal agent of foot and root rot (FRR) disease. F. culmorum produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that is involved in the pathogenic process. The role of the gene FcStuA, a StuA ortholog protein with an APSES domain sharing 98.5% homology to the FgStuA protein (FGSG10129), was determined by functional charac...

There is a need for non-antibiotic, antimicrobial compositions with low toxicity capable of broad-spectrum eradication of pathogenic biofilms in food preparation and healthcare settings. In this study we demonstrated complete biofilm eradication within 60 min with synergistic combinations of caprylic and polygalacturonic (PG) acids in an in vitro biofilm eradication model against representative...

Evidence is presented that a polygalacturonic acid derivative (Stypturon) when administered intravenously to rats in nn optimal dosage results in concomitant diminution of blood loss from experimental injury to the tail. Mortality rate associated with hemorrhagic shock was significantly reduced. Blood coagulation was inhibited at the site of injury by immersion of the traumatized tail in an ant...