Indium is a typical chalcophile element of the Earth’s crust, with a very low average content that seldom forms specific minerals, occurring mainly as dispersed in polymetallic sulphides. Indium recovery is based primarily on zinc extraction from sphalerite, the prototype of so-called tetrahedral sulphides, wherein metal ions fill half of the available tetrahedral sites within the cubic closest...

The interest in polymetallic nodule mining has considerably increased the last few decades. This been largely driven by population growth and need to move towards a green future, which requires strategic raw materials. Deep-Sea Mining (DSM) is potential source of such key While harvesting ore from deep sea Polymetallic Nodule Tool (PNMT), some bed sediment unavoidably collected. Within PNMT, se...