In synesthesia, stimulation of one sensory modality (e.g., hearing) triggers a percept in another, non-stimulated sensory modality (e.g., vision). Likewise, perception of a form (e.g., a letter) may induce a color percept (i.e., grapheme-color synesthesia). To date, the neural mechanisms underlying synesthesia remain to be elucidated. We disclosed by fMRI, while controlling for surface color pr...

In this paper we propose efficient methods which contribute to a rapid and economic semi-automatic pronunciation dictionary development and evaluate them on English, German, Spanish, Vietnamese, Swahili, and Haitian Creole. First we determine optimal strategies for the word selection and the period for the grapheme-to-phoneme model retraining. In addition to the traditional concatenation of sin...

We consider the problem of inducing grapheme-to-phoneme mappings for unknown languages written in a Latin alphabet. First, we collect a data-set of 107 languages with known grapheme-phoneme relationships, along with a short text in each language. We then cast our task in the framework of supervised learning, where each known language serves as a training example, and predictions are made on unk...

Reading instruction can direct attention to different unit sizes in print-to-speech mapping, ranging from grapheme-phoneme to whole-word relationships. Thus, attentional focus during learning might influence brain mechanisms recruited during reading, as indexed by the N170 response to visual words. To test this, two groups of adults were trained to read an artificial script under instructions d...

Superlubricity, as a new and an important area in tribology, has attracted more and more attentions from researchers over the world. In recent years, some new phenomena, new materials, and new mechanism both in liquid and solid superlubricity have been obtained. In the liquid area, a new system of superlubricity liquids has been found and the new mechanism has been proposed, which exhibits very...

This article presents the results of grapheme-based speech recognition for eight languages. The need for this approach arises in situation of low resource languages, where obtaining a pronunciation dictionary is timeand cost-consuming or impossible. In such scenarios, usage of grapheme dictionaries is the most simplest and straight-forward. The paper describes the process of automatic generatio...

We present a simple and effective approach to the task of grapheme-tophoneme conversion based on a set of manually edited grapheme-phoneme mappings which drives not only the alignment of words and corresponding pronunciations, but also the segmentation of words during model training and application, respectively. The actual conversion is performed with the help of a conditional random field mod...

This paper presents our work on grapheme based crosslingual speech recognition carried out within the MASPER initiative. The performance of monolingual grapheme based acoustic models is compared to the performance of monolingual acoustic models based on phonemes. The transfer between source and target language was done using an expert knowledge approach. For the experiments, German, Spanish, Hu...