The spinal canal normally increases in size until about the tenth year when the epiphyses fuse between the arches of the spine and the vertebral bodies. Enlargement of the canal after this time is manifested by flattening and thinning of the pedicles, increase in the interpediculate and saggital diameters of the canal, and posterior scalloping of the vertebral bodies. The majority of intraspina...

THE FUNCTION OF THE EPIGLOTTIS IN SOUND PRODUCTION (HISSING) OF PITUOPHIS MELANOLEUCUS.-Since White (1884) first related the enlarged epiglottis of Pituophis to the quality and unusual loudness of the sound production (hissing) in these snakes, a number of workers have discussed this functional relationship. The enlarged epiglottis of Pituophis, a generic characteristic (Cope, 1891), forms a pl...

Although Cerebral venous thrombosis is an uncommon cause of stroke among the young, it is being increasingly recognised. A prothrombotic risk factor is identified in the majority of the patients. In most instances it is seen in women in the post-partum period and those on oral contraceptives. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has improved our ability to diagnose this condition however the variab...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Anorectal malformations comprise a spectrum of anomalies that continue to be difficult to treat, even today. The aim was to evaluate the fecal continence of children who underwent posterior sagittal anorectoplasty due to anorectal malformations, via computerized anorectal manometry and profilometry. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective study at Universidade Federal de São Paul...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate secondary operations using a posterior sagittal approach in patients with fecal incontinence and impaction after primary repair of anorectal malformations. METHODS Twenty patients (14 boys, 6 girls) who had previous failed surgery for imperforate anus underwent secondary operations. The indications for surgery included fecal incontinence (n = 16) ...

INTRODUCTION The relationship among the orofacial system and the rest of the body ,both in functional and anatomical terms was the subject of numerous scientific studies. The optimum position of the bone structures of orofacial system provides performance of intact vital functions, such as breathing or swallowing. Hyoid bone represents a link between the head and neck. Although located in the n...