Single morphine injections induce a state of acute opioid dependence measured by an increase in naloxone potency to precipitate withdrawal. Repeated morphine exposure (daily/weekly intervals) results in further potentiation of naloxone potency, perhaps due to conditioning mechanisms. The current study tested the hypothesis that previously neutral stimuli could elicit a conditioned potentiation ...

introduction: response to morphine and role of nitric oxide (no) on expression of morphine response has been studied in vertebrates. but, little evidence is provided in the matter in earlier invertebrates. this investigation for the first time evaluated the effect of no on expression of morphine potency in paramecium caudatum. methods: animal after isolation from natural media and specific iden...

vaccination against mumps is included in world health organization (who) program of global immunization. safety and efficacy of vaccines must be confirmed by control units in charge of public health. in iran, the secondary control on potency of vaccine has not been set up yet. we decided to overcome this problem by developing who and nibsc methods in food and drug control lab. ‎nine dilutions o...

Nineteen linkage groups containing a total of 52 markers have been identified in the sheep genome after typing large paternal half-sib families. The linkage groups range in size from 2 markers showing no recombination to a group containing 6 markers covering approximately 30 cM of the sheep genome. Thirteen of the groups have been assigned to a sheep chromosome. Three groups contain markers fro...

The high-resolution spectrum of water vapor between 13 200 and 16 500 cm-1 recorded by J.-Y. Mandin, J-P. Chevillard, C. Camy-Peyret, J.-M. Flaud, and J. W. Brault (1986. J. Molec. Spectrosc., 116, 167) is analyzed using high-accuracy linelists obtained using ab initio calculations and spectroscopically determined potential. Assignments to H216O transitions are presented for 663 of the 795 unas...

We consider the problem of assigning flights to airport gates. We examine the general case in which an aircraft serving a flight may be assigned to different gates for arrival and departure processing and for optional intermediate parking. Restrictions to this assignment include gate closures and shadow restrictions, i. e. the situation where certain gate assignments may cause blocking of neigh...

Nobivac® Lepto (MSD Animal Health) is a non-adjuvanted canine leptospirosis vaccine containing inactivated whole cells of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Portlandvere and L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni. The current standard in vivo potency test is a hamster challenge test associated with major drawbacks such as animal suffering and poor reprod...