Previous studies conducted in Western societies showed that instructors' beliefs about intellectual ability affected their attitudes toward students. However, in many East Asian societies influenced by Confucian culture, teachers not only hold beliefs of ability but also two kinds of beliefs about effort: obligation-oriented belief (i.e., believing that effort-making is a student's role obligat...

Contradictory findings have been found with regard to attributions of praise and blame. In some cases, research points to a negativity effect whereby attributions of blame are greater for immoral behaviors than attributions of praise for similar moral behaviors (Knobe, 2003;Malle, 2006). Other researchers have demonstrated the opposite effect (Pizzaro, Uhlmann, & Salovey, 2003). In the current ...

In sub-subunit 1.4.2, it is made clear that for Aristotle a crucial precondition of virtue is that actions must be intentional. For Aristotle, voluntary action—or intention—is required if praise or blame is to be appropriate. Praise and blame are important in that they testify to that which is virtuous in the polis, which substantiates the virtues among the citizenry and subsequent generations ...

BACKGROUND Self-efficacy explores the emotional functioning and coping skills of an individual and is thought to be a strong predictor of health behaviors, which is particularly important for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). However, to our knowledge, there is no measure of self-efficacy developed to explore behavior change in the context of PR. METHODS We investigated the reproducibility and s...

The aim of this study was to investigate the pragmatic failure in English and Arabic students at UIN Alauddin Makassar's Faculty Adab Cultural Studies. data for were gathered through observation, distribution questionnaires form a discourse completeness test (DCT), interviews. Quantitative qualitative research collected research. This employed three statistical models or techniques: descriptive...

Dogs are hypersocial with humans, and their integration into human social ecology makes dogs a unique model for studying cross-species social bonding. However, the proximal neural mechanisms driving dog-human social interaction are unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 awake dogs to probe the neural basis for their preferences for social interaction and food reward. In a ...

Dogs are hypersocial with humans, and their integration into human social ecology makes dogs a unique model for studying cross-species social bonding. However, the proximal neural mechanisms driving doghuman social interaction are unknown. We used fMRI in 15 awake dogs to probe the neural basis for their preferences for social interaction and food reward. In a first experiment, we used the vent...

Here is an interesting story: The pace of personal bankruptcies rose quickly during the 1990s, even as the overall economy fared well. What might we conclude from these facts? One possibility is that improvements in financial intermediation have made credit-granting decisions easier and have led to greater borrowing by risky groups previously denied credit. Another is that nothing has changed i...