In our previous work we have proposed two methods for evaluating semantic similarity / dissimilarity of nouns based on their modifier sets registered in Oxford Collocation Dictionary for Student of English. In this paper we provide further details on the experimental support and discussion of these methods. Given two nouns, in the first method the similarity is measured by the relative size of ...

Inversion-constructions, like too tasty of a cake and a disaster of a conference, have generally been treated separately from superficially similar-looking pseudo-partitives, like three gallons of water. I argue for an analysis that unifies the syntax and semantics of the two constructions through a proposal about the head of that appears in both. Both constructions involve the composition of t...

We present evidence from two picture-matching experiments that native adult speakers of American English order and interpret sequences nouns modified by adjectives/relative clauses containing adjectives in line with the Recursive Set-Subset Ordering Principle proposed Bleotu & Roeper (2022a, b) Bleotu, Foucault, (2023). This principle ensures an automatic mapping set-subset semantics to a r...

This chapter describes the Ezafe construction in Zazaki which all nominal and non-nominal modifiers, including possessors, appear postnominal position are linked to their head noun with marker. this language displays distinguishing properties such that it not only inflects for phi-features definiteness of noun, but also reflects case whole phrase receives clause. The Direct Oblique distinctions...

A great number of West Iranian languages Persian, different Kurdish dialects, Hawramani, Zazaki...share several aspects in their noun phrase structure: 1. The surface word order pattern is strongly head initial. Adjectival modifiers, the possessor NP, prepositional phrases and the relative clause follow the head noun in a strict order. The head noun may be preceded only by some determiners – if...

This study concerns on how the undergraduate students of English Language Education Study Program use relative clauses as post modifiers noun phrases in their thesis background and errors found causes phrase constructions. Thirty were asked to be subjects data taken from backgrounds. The total 226 with constructed ten found. From interviews conducted fifteen subjects, caused by (1) different st...

Goal and Background: This paper provides evidence that Hocąk (Siouan) has direct modification, contra Helmbrecht’s (2004) claim that all adjectives in Hocąk are indirect modifiers. The data also show that lack of rigid ordering is not a reliable diagnostic for indirect modification (contra Cinque 2010). Following Sproat and Shih (1991), Cinque (2010) argues that indirect modification is higher,...

In this paper we investigate a hypothesized cognitive bias for isomorphic mappings between conceptual structure and linear order in the noun phrase. This bias has been proposed as a possible explanation for a striking asymmetry in the typology of the noun phrase–linear orders which place the adjective closest to the noun, then the numeral, then the demonstrative, are over-represented in the wor...

The distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive modification in noun phrases is a well studied subject in linguistics. Automatically identifying non-restrictive modifiers can provide NLP applications with shorter, more salient arguments, which were found beneficial by several recent works. While previous work showed that restrictiveness can be annotated with high agreement, no large sca...