Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers are used to clinically diagnose AD with an accuracy of 70-80%. However, they invasive and expensive need be further studied on preclinical-AD. Additionally, a blood-based biomarker can great use. In order obtain biomarker, we have sequenced plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) from preclinical-AD individuals develop prediction mod...

This study evaluated preclinical and clinical safety of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) extract as a naturopathic medicine in common carp deliberately infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish were fed 0 (control), 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 g of marshmallow extract for 60 days in a preclinical experiment and then, challenged with A. hydrophila for a 10-day experime...

Introduction: Recently, due to the special characteristics of 166Ho and chitosan, 166Ho-chitosan complex was developed for treatment of tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma. This complex has been lately prepared with high radiochemical purity in our lab. The preclinical studies of the complex however should be performed to evaluate the tracer concentration in target and...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), a DNA virus with a human-only reservoir, is a worldwide public health problem. Approximately 45.0% of the world’s population is considered to live in areas of high endemicity with a lifetime risk of infection of more than 60.0%. The present study aimed to assess the level of understanding and awareness about Hepatitis B immunization among the first a...

objective: in this study, artificial neural network (ann) analysis of virotherapy in preclinical breast cancer was investigated. materials and methods: in this research article, a multilayer feed-forward neural network trained with an error back-propagation algorithm was incorporated in order to develop a predictive model. the input parameters of the model were virus dose, week and tamoxifen ci...

background: training provided in medical faculties is mainly composed of two phases: preclinical and clinical. preclinical period, or the first three years, consists of theoretical classes and practical implementations to develop vocational skills. in the clinical period, students are given applied courses. objectives: this study aimed to determine the role of demographic characteristics and me...

In this issue of the Journal, Etzioni et al. (1) suggest a novel approach to estimating overdiagnosis in breast cancer. However, there is a key assumption in their method regarding the nature of overdiagnosis that is unlikely to hold and leads to an underestimate of the overdiagnosis rate. To understand this assumption, we need to go back to basic definitions. Lead time is the time from detecti...