The current review article investigates some variables contributing to English language teaching and learning. Three factors of age, motivation and error correction have been of importance in English language curricula in language centres. Some studies have been conducted to investigate various effects of these three components on English language acquisition, those studies, however, may lack d...

In most OECD-countries, labour demand has shifted from unskilled to skilled over time. Many analyses of this phenomenon focus either on technical change, capital-skill complementarity or mutual labour substitution. Applying a more general approach enables us to explore the relative importance of different factors behind the shift in labour demand in Norwegian manufacturing. A multivariate error...

In this paper we test the Leviathan hypothesis, focusing on the joint impact of fiscal decentralization and legislative monopoly power in the growth of the public sector. Two proxies of legislative monopoly power are considered: the control of all relevant houses by the executive party and the margin of majority. Using a dynamic panel-based error correction model on OECD member countries, we fi...

This paper describes an integrated method for processing grammatically i l l formed inputs We use partial parses of the input for recov ering from parsing failure In order to select partial parses appropriate for error recovery, cost and reward are assigned to them Cost and reward represent the badness and goodness of a partial parse, respectively The most appropriate partial parse is selected ...

Multi-word expressions (MWEs) have been recognized as important linguistic information and much research has been conducted especially on their extraction and interpretation. On the other hand, they have hardly been used in real application areas. While those who are learning English as a second language (ESL) use MWEs in their writings just like native speakers, MWEs haven’t been taken into co...