BACKGROUND Although high-dose prenatal alcohol exposure is related to cognitive and behavioral impairments in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome, there is relatively little research on the effects of moderate drinking during pregnancy. We examined learning, memory, and behavior in adolescent rhesus monkeys prenatally exposed to moderate levels of alcohol, psychological stress,...

introduction: stress has many effects on the development of systems and organs in the fetal period, and these effects appear after birth. since hemopoietic system is susceptible to stress, effects of restraint stress were studied in offspring of pregnant rats. methods: pregnant rats were divided into one control and three stress groups. the control group did not receive any stress during the ge...

objective(s): stress induces many homeostatic aberrations which are followed by lifelong allostatic responses. epilepsy is developed or influenced by different environmental factors, i.e. prenatal stress which makes many contradictory developmental changes in seizure threshold and intensity. we investigated the potential seizure response of the rat offspring to prenatal stress; the stress which...

Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with significant alterations in offspring neurodevelopment and elevated maternal glucocorticoids likely play a central role in mediating these effects. Placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2) buffers the impact of maternal glucocorticoid exposure by converting cortisol/corticosterone into inactive metabolites. Howeve...

AIM Prenatal stress is known to adversely affect the fetal brain development and also neuronal loss. The mechanism(s) associated with prenatal stress induced developmental neurotoxicity remains obscure. Few studies point to the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system which is an important molecular target for this toxicant. Hence the present study investigates the effect of prenata...

BACKGROUND Whether fetal neurodevelopment is disrupted by traffic-related air pollution is uncertain. Animal studies suggest that chemical and non-chemical stressors interact to impact neurodevelopment, and that this association is further modified by sex. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between prenatal traffic-related black carbon exposure, prenatal stress, and sex with children's memory...

There is growing evidence that stressors occurring during pregnancy can impair biological and behavioral adaptation to stress in the adult offspring. Mechanisms by which stress in the pregnant rat can influence development of the offspring are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of maternal corticosterone secretion during pregnancy on the hypothalamo-pituitary-a...

This study investigated the effects of prenatal stress and complete maternal deprivation, using the artificial rearing (AR) paradigm, on the expression of neural plasticity markers and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity to stress. Rats were exposed to stress during gestation (day 10-21) and postnatally were either artificially reared (AR) or mother reared (MR). AR involves c...

Stress during pregnancy is a known contributing factor for the development of obesity in the offspring. Since maternal obesity is on the rise, we wanted to identify the effects of prenatal stress in the offspring of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats and compare them with the offspring of dietary-resistant (DR) rats. We hypothesized that prenatal stress would make both DIO and DR offspring susceptib...

Prenatal stress could have great influence on development of offspring and might alter cognitive function and other physiological processes of children. The current study was conducted to study the effect of physical or psychological prenatal stress on addictive and anxiety-like behavior of male and female offspring during their adolescence period (postnatal day (PND) 40). Adult female rats wer...