I study the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in a model of endogenous growth with sequential innovation. The model mimics the innovation process in hi-tech sectors where many of the techniques and products used in R&D are recent discoveries themselves. Depending on the structure of the patent system, some of these discoveries might still be protected by a patent. In this context IPRs...

let $g$ be a group and $h$ a subgroup of $g$‎. ‎ $h$ is said to have semi-$pi$-property in $g$ if there is a subgroup $t$ of $g$ such that $g=ht$ and $hcap t$ has $pi$-property in $t$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎investigating on semi-$pi$-property of subgroups‎, ‎we shall obtain some new description of finite groups‎.

If we consider some special conditions, we can assume fundamental group of a topological space as a new topological space. In this paper, we will present a number of theorems in topological fundamental group related to semilocally simply connected property for a topological space.

In this paper, we define a new concept of factorization for a bounded bilinear mapping $f:Xtimes Yto Z$, depended on  a natural number $n$ and a cardinal number $kappa$; which is called $n$-factorization property of level $kappa$. Then we study the relation between $n$-factorization property of  level $kappa$ for $X^*$ with respect to $f$ and automatically boundedness and $w^*$-$w^*$-continuity...

For a Tychonoff space $X$, we denote by $C_p(X)$ the space of all real-valued continuous functions on $X$ with the topology of pointwise convergence.  We study a functional characterization of the covering property of Hurewicz.

The aim of the present paper is to introduce the concept of joint common limit range property ((JCLR) property) for single-valued and set-valued maps in non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. We also list some examples to show the difference between (CLR) property and (JCLR) property. Further, we establish common fixed point theorems using implicit relation with integral contractive condition. Se...

in this paper, we analysis the concept and importance of property rights in classical and institutional economic thought schools. in doing so, we analysis the thoughts of luck, adam smith, say, ricardo, malthus, mill, marx, engels, marshal (some classical economists), coase, demsetz, north, and dosoto (some new institutional economists). the results of the paper revealed that: 1) classical econ...

despite the title of intellectual property law, this legal system differs from the classic property law in several aspects, inter alia, the time of protection, the standards for protection, the scope of protection and the enforcement of intellectual property rights. these limitations and differences are largely because of the economic considerations regarding different kinds of positive efficie...