As we celebrate the centenary of John Maynard Keynes’s Treatise on Probability (1921), are still faced with unresolved, fundamental questions about his foray into philosophy probability. One these unresolved concerns whether Keynes (1931) later changed mind in response to intense criticism from Frank Ramsey (1922, 1931) and abandoned logical theory This essay draws Cheryl Misak’s recent biograp...

Multiple heterogeneous data sources are becoming increasingly available for statistical analyses in the era of big data. As an important example finite-population inference, we develop a unified framework test-and-pool approach to general parameter estimation by combining gold-standard probability and non-probability samples. We focus on case when study variable is observed both datasets estima...