Abstract Numerous product quality scandals are caused by low-quality inputs. When input is not perfectly observed downstream firms, upstream firms often have moral hazard problems. If vertical integration does directly eliminate the problems, still improve quality? so, under which conditions? We find that given precision of monitoring technology used when level public very high or low, no incen...

User expectations regarding new products and services are evolving rapidly, forcing innovative organizations to explore avenues for innovation, combining services. This paper focuses on the integrative design of product–service systems (PSSs) builds servitization service-based innovation literature. Many tools have been proposed designing integrated PSS, with intent generate economic and/or sus...

the computational method based on using the operational matrix of anorthogonal function for solving variational problems is computeroriented. in this approach, a truncated hartley series together withthe operational matrix of integration and integration of the crossproduct of two cas vectors are used for finding the solution ofvariational problems. two illustrative examples are included todemon...

New product development (NPD) is described in the literature as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product available for sale. In the automotive industry, within the context of ISO/TS16949:2002 (the automotive quality management system international standard),  these related to the product realization process (PRP) which consists of Three main phases such as planning, Implem...

The elusive relationship between information technology (IT) and business value continues to challenge academics and researchers. Recently, it has been suggested that a process-level framework that accounts for intermediate organizational factors is likely to allow us to better understand the antecedents of the business value of IT. This paper develops a model examining the impact of distinct I...

In the context of m-commerce, small screen size poses serious difficulty for users to browse effectively through a product catalogue, given the limited number of products that may be presented on-screen. Despite the availability of search engines, filters and recommender systems to aid users, these techniques focus on a narrow segment of product offering. The users are thus denied the opportuni...