for helpful comments on earlier drafts. All remaining errors and omissions are the author's. Comments and criticisms are welcome. ABSTRACT This paper estimates potential output using a number of statistical trend methods and a Cobb Douglas production function. Two measures of the output gap using the Cobb Douglas production function method are estimated. One measure models technology as a linea...

The aim of this paper is to use the concept of the metafrontier function to study the determination of efficiency differentials and Technological Gap Ratio (TGR) on wheat production in Khorasan Razavi province. In this study, we used the metafrontier function and group frontier based on the concept of Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data analysis (StoNED). The data used in this stud...

This paper analyses the impact of using different macroeconomic variables and output decompositions to estimate the euro area output gap. We estimate twelve multivariate unobserved components models with phase shifts being allowed between individual cyclical components. As output decomposition plays a central role in all multivariate models, three different output decompositions are utilised; t...

Tuning the photonic band gap (PBG) to the electronic band gap (EBG) of Au/TiO2 catalysts resulted in considerable enhancement of the photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen under direct sunlight. Au/TiO2 (PBG-357 nm) photocatalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic performance under both UV and sunlight compared to the Au/TiO2 (PBG-585 nm) photocatalyst and both are higher than Au/TiO2 withou...

In this talk I consider the formation of a rapidity gap in hadron production between two jets. To appear in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and Related Phenomena Roma, Italy, April 1996 Rapidity gaps in hadron production between two jets have been observed in photoproduction at HERA [1] and in p p̄ collisions at the Tevatron [2], where it was found that...