BACKGROUND We estimated U.S. biomedical research funding across therapeutic areas, determined the association with disease burden, and evaluated new drug approvals that resulted from this investment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We calculated funding from 1995 to 2005 and totaled Food and Drug Administration approvals in eight therapeutic areas (cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, ...

We made eight retrograde tracer injections into the middle temporal visual area (MT) of three New World owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae). These injections were placed across the representation of the retina in MT to allow us to compare the locations of labeled cells in other areas in order to provide evidence for any retinotopic organization in those areas. Four regions projected to MT: 1) early v...

The potential effect of invasive plant species on biodiversity is one of most important subject of inquiry at present. In many parts of the world, the alarming spread of these plants has been documented. Knowing that climate exerts a dominant control over the distribution of plant species, predictions can therefore be made to determine which areas the species would likely spread under a climate...

To determine surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18, separate injections of up to six anatomical tracers were delivered to various rostrocaudal locations of area 18 in six normal cats. Subsequently, cortex was separated from subcortical structures, manually flattened, and cut parallel to the surface. Results reveal that ipsilateral cortical connections of area 18 with three regions of co...

CONCLUSION Using data from PRICENTRICTM, we collected net and list ex-factory prices for Avastin, Caprelsa and Vidaza across EU-28. Countries that do not use formal IRP as a price setting mechanism were excluded from the analysis, countries that consider price reviews were included. In the case of Germany, the negotiated AMNOG price minus mandatory rebates was used, for Italy the AIFA price and...

In the London context, population and economic growth have created acute pressures on housing. London’s population is projected to increase by around 1.14 million to 8.71 million by 2026 (GLA, 2006a) whilst employment is projected to increase by 912,000 jobs between 2006 and 2026 (GLA Economics, 2007). The Further Alterations to the London Plan has set targets of building over 30,000 new homes ...

This paper presents a method for automatically adjusting the zoom setting of an active camera undergoing pure rotation so that it maintains the ratio of projected areas in the scene and image around the fixation point. We restrict discussion to planar objects, and exploit the properties of the two different interimage transformations which are observed — the infinity homography describing corre...

Horticultural crops with the similar weight and uniform shape are in high demand in terms of marketing value, which are used as food. For proper design of grading systems, important relationships among the mass and other properties of fruits such as length, width, thickness, volumes, and projected areas must be known. The aim of this research was to measure and present some physical properties ...

Substantial changes in the hydrological cycle are projected for the 21st century, but these projections are subject to major uncertainties. In this context, the "dry gets drier, wet gets wetter" (DDWW) paradigm is often used as a simplifying summary. However, recent studies cast doubt on the validity of the paradigm and also on applying the widely used P - E (precipitation - evapotranspiration)...