In this issue, Agarwal et al. report negative results from a phase I trial of LFA102, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to and inhibits prolactin receptor (PRLR) signaling, in patients with PRLR-positive metastatic breast cancer or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1]. Althoughno anticancer activitywas noted in the study, questions remain regarding the role...

Transient global amnesia (TGA) has been defined as the abrupt onset of the inability to store new memories, assodated with transient or permanent retrograde amnesia without other neurological signs and symptoms. Although its etiology is uncertain, the two theories proposed most often are epileptogenic and ischemic causes. The abruptness of onset and the reversibility of the episodes, coupled wi...

background: chlorpromazine (cpz), an antipsychotic drug, is associated with increased risk of sexual dysfunction through increasing prolactin levels. the current study evaluates the effect of cpz-induced hyperprolactinemia on ovarian follicular growth, gonadotropins, and alteration of ovarian source hormones. materials and methods: in this experimental study, animals were divided into four grou...

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial to not only infants, but also mothers. Since prolactin stimulates milk production, increasing its levels through dopamine antagonists, such as metoclopramide, may enhance milk production. However, the efficacy of this method should be further studied. Therefore, this systematic review sought to determine the effects of metoclopramide on prolacti...

Background: Previous studies have been reported on the toxicity of Microcystin-LR, which is produced by cyanobacterial growth in fish, such as Heteropneustes fossilis (H. fossilis). However, no studies have been conducted on the effects of Microcystin-LR on the prolactin cells of H. fossilis. Methods: H. fossilis fish were intraperitoneally injected with Microcystin-LR (2.5μg/25g) and sacrif...

BACKGROUND This work describes the effect of a 48-h litter separation on 24-h patterns of plasma prolactin, FSH and LH concentration in female lactating rabbits kept under a 16:8 light-dark photoperiod (lights on at 0800 h). METHODS Groups of 6-7 female lactating rabbits maintained with their litters or separated from them for 48 h were killed by decapitation on day 11 post-partum, at 6 diffe...

Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors were defined as either prolactin responsive or prolactin independent on the basis of growth response to prolactin administration. There was no difference in tumor binding of prolactin between the two groups when tumors were biopsied before treatment. Prolactin binding was, however, significantly higher in responding tumors when biopsies were obt...

PURPOSE Prolactin fragments inhibit blood vessel formation, whereas anti-prolactin antibodies induce angiogenesis in the cornea. Endothelial cells from brain capillaries and the umbilical vein produce prolactin, and this study was undertaken to determine whether retinal capillary endothelial cells could be a source for prolactin in the eye. METHODS Primary cultures of rat retinal endothelial ...

The 16 kDa N-terminal fragment of prolactin (16K-prolactin) is a potent antiangiogenic factor. Here, we demonstrate that matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) produced and secreted by chondrocytes generate biologically functional 16K-prolactin from full-length prolactin. When incubated with human prolactin at neutral pH, chondrocyte extracts and conditioned medium, as well as chondrocytes in culture, ...