Quantitative analysis of innervation to dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) fundus-projecting neurons indicates that approximately 17% of input neurons are noradrenergic. To determine whether this small percentage of neurons innervating DMV output to the stomach is physiologically relevant, we evaluated the role of norepinephrine at the DMV in mediating a vagovagal reflex controlling the fu...

background: the nucleus raphe magnus (nrm) is involved in thermoregulatory processing. there is a correlation between changes in the firing rates of the cells in the nrm and the application of the peripheral thermal stimulus. introduction: we examined the effect of reversible inactivation and excitation of nrm on mechanisms involved in tail blood flow (tbf) regulation in hypothermia. methods: h...

It has been shown that nitric oxide is synthesized in the central nervous system as well as in vascular endothelial cells. Recently, it was reported that nitric oxide was involved in central cardiovascular regulation, baroreflex modulation, and involved in a reciprocal release with excitatory amino acids in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats. The purpose of the present study was to investiga...

Copyright: © 2006 Thomas C. Evans and contributors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and contributors reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Transformation and micro...

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, desiccating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

The insular cortex (IC) has been reported to be involved in central cardiovascular control. In the present study, we investigated the cardiovascular responses evoked by microinjection of noradrenaline into the IC as well as the central and peripheral mechanisms involved in their mediation. Microinjection of noradrenaline into the IC (3, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 45 nmol/100 nL) caused long-lasting dose...

Cardiovascular responses to chemoreflex activation by potassium cyanide (KCN, 20 microgram/rat iv) were analyzed before and after the blockade of ionotropic or metabotropic receptors into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of awake rats. Microinjection of ionotropic antagonists [6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione or kynurenic acid (Kyn)] into the lateral commissural NTS (NTSlat), the midline...

The effect of pronuclear microinjection of DNA and culture in excised mouse oviducts on the development of porcine zygotes was assessed in this study. Precocious ovulation was induced in prepubertal gilts with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin and hCG. Zygotes received either pronuclear microinjection of buffer alone, buffer containing a DNA construct, or no microinjection. Zygotes were cultu...

Ceramide regulates many cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Although the effects of exogenous bacterial neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) in Xenopus laevis oocytes have been investigated, its microinjection into oocytes has not been reported previously. Thus, we compared the incubation versus microinjection of the neutral Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (b...