according to the rules of quadruplet relations between concepts, muslim logicians have proved that relation between the negations of two concepts which are equal (musawi) or absolute-general-and-specific (‘amm wa khas-e mutlaq) are, respectively, equal and absolute-specific-and-general; but these rules come across some problems when the most inclusive concepts are involved, since the negation o...

our main aim in this article is to analyze the two concepts “proposition” and “state of affairs”. first we present the minimal expectations of a theory of “proposition” and a theory of “state of affairs”, and then we turn to the views of the contemporary theorist john pollock regarding these two topics and present the most important of his views on the subject. subsequently, we reconstruct a th...

For more than a quarter century, the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory has engaged in a broad range of experiments on consciousness-related physical anomalies and has proposed a corresponding selection of theoretical models that have combined to illuminate the fundamental nature of the provocative phenomena that emerge. Productive pursuit of this topic has inescapably i...

This paper describes the procedure of semantic role labeling and the development of the first manually annotated Persian Proposition Bank (PerPB) which added a layer of predicate-argument information to the syntactic structures of Persian Dependency Treebank (known as PerDT). Through the process of annotating, the annotators could see the syntactic information of all the sentences and so they a...

Using semantic parsing or related techniques, it is possible to extract knowledge from text in the form of predicate–argument structures. Such structures are often called propositions. With the advent of massive corpora such as Wikipedia, it has become possible to apply a systematic analysis of a wide range of documents covering a significant part of human knowledge and build large proposition ...

The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act, also called Proposition 71 [5], was a ballot initiative proposed by California voters in 2004 to allocate three billion dollars of state funds for stem cell research over ten years. Endorsed by California scientists and patient-advocates, Prop 71 passed on 2 November 2004, amending the state constitution to make stem cell research a constitutiona...