Short chain diols (propanediols, butanediols, pentanediols) have been widely used in bulk and fine chemical industries as fuels, solvents, polymer monomers and pharmaceutical precursors. The chemical production of short chain diols from fossil resources has been developed and optimized for decades. Consideration of the exhausting fossil resources and the increasing environment issues, the bio-b...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different mouthrinse containing propolis solutions and mouthrinse containing 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. METHODS Four different solutions of propolis were prepared and propylene glycol and alcohol were used as solvents for each propolis sample. Mouthrinse containing propolis...

Experimental drugs and/or plant extracts are often dissolved in solvents, including propylene glycol. Nevertheless, there is evidence for psychoactive properties of this alcohol. In this study we found that in the hole-board test 10% propylene glycol did not modify the head-dipping behavior. However, 30% propylene glycol induced an increase in the number of head-dips (46.92 +/- 2.37 compared to...

We present a detailed study of two-color two-photon excited fluorescence in indole dissolved in propylene glycol. Femtosecond excitation pulses at effective wavelengths from 268 to 293.33 nm were used to populate the two lowest indole excited states (1)La and (1)Lb and polarized fluorescence was then detected. All seven molecular parameters and the two-photon polarization ratio Ω containing inf...

OBJECTIVE Metallothionein (MT) may play a preventive role in various carcinogenic process. 4NQO is an alkaline compound and potent mutagen that causes the formation of DNA adducts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of MT in palatal cells of mice submitted to the carcinogen 4NQO. STUDY DESIGN C57BL/6 mice received applications of 4NQO to palate for periods of 8, 16...

The dependence of the glass transition in mixtures on mixing thermodynamics is examined by focusing on enthalpy of mixing, ΔHmix with the change in sign (positive vs. negative) and magnitude (small vs. large). The effects of positive and negative ΔHmix are demonstrated based on two isomeric systems of o- vs. m-methoxymethylbenzene (MMB) and o- vs. m-dibromobenzene (DBB) with comparably small ab...

Paracoccus yeei TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one 3.58-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. TT13 genome analysis indicated that this bacterium has denitrification potential.

This paper investigates the nutritional regulation of glycogen concentration in skeletal muscle of sheep and cattle following exercise, with particular emphasis on a comparison between these species. Four experiments are summarized, indicating a clear relationship between metabolizable energy (ME) intake and rate of muscle glycogen repletion following exercise. Sensitivity to ME intake appeared...

The hydrogen (H-) bonding interplay between water and other organic molecules is important both in nature and in a wide range of technological applications. Structural relaxation and, thus, diffusion in aqueous mixtures are generally dependent on both the strength and the structure of the H-bonds. To investigate diffusion in H-bonding mixtures, we present a quasielastic neutron scattering study...

Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use an electric heater to aerosolize a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine. ECIG-induced nicotine dependence has become an important concern, as some ECIGs deliver very little nicotine while some may exceed the nicotine delivery profile of a tobacco cigarette. This variability is ...