The L-cone/M-cone visual pigment gene arrays were analyzed in 125 Japanese males with protan color-vision deficiency. Arrays were successfully determined in 62/65 subjects with protanopia and 57/60 protanomaly subjects. Among the 62 protanopia subjects, 48 (77%) had an array consisting of a single 5' L-M hybrid gene (PS-array) or a 5' L-M hybrid gene followed by an M gene(s) that was structural...

Using high-resolution adaptive-optics imaging combined with retinal densitometry, we characterized the arrangement of short- (S), middle- (M), and long- (L) wavelength-sensitive cones in eight human foveal mosaics. As suggested by previous studies, we found males with normal color vision that varied in the ratio of L to M cones (from 1.1:1 to 16.5:1). We also found a protan carrier with an even...

color blindness is a common x-linked genetic disorder. however, most of color blinds remain undetected due to absence of proper screening. our study was to determine the prevalence of red-green color vision defects among manipuri muslim males and females. the study could help in decreasing birth of children with this disorder as muslims commonly perform consanguineous marriage among themselves....

Rayleigh equations and brightness matches of spectral yellow to mixtures of spectral red and green were determined for four normal trichromats and one protanomalous trichromat. A Nagel anomaloscope, modified to allow the superposition of a chromatic field on the bipartite Nagel field, was used. The effect of adding a 650 nm. field to the Nagel field was to widen the match range toward the red e...

The goal of the study was to evaluate spectral opponency in nine X-chromosome-linked color-defective observers. The tasks included increment threshold spectral sensitivity on an achromatic background, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and colorimetric purity discrimination. With a task of heterochromatic flicker photometry, the anomalous trichromatic observers showed spectral sensitivity of t...

A device for the m situ collection of an ultrafiltrate of saliva was investigated The collector consists of an osmotic pump that, when placed in the mouth, accumulates a prepurlfied salivary tiltrate wlthm a few mmutes The concentration of testosterone m saliva and m the ultrafdtrate from five male subjects was deternuned by a sohd-phase unmunoassay The ultrafiltrate can be used wthout extracti...

A computer-controlled test of colour vision is described, in which luminance noise and masking contours are used to ensure that the subject's responses depend on chromatic signals. The test avoids the need--common to most computer-controlled tests--to define equiluminance for the individual subject before the colour test itself can be administered. The test achieves a good separation of protan ...

The action spectrum for inducing a long-lasting protan shift in colour matches was investigated. Rayleigh matches were measured before and after 30 min adaptation to monochromatic light of 520, 550, 580 or 620 nm. For each wavelength, seven retinal illuminances, ranging from 3.0 to 5.0 log td, were chosen in random order. Results for one colour-normal observer show that the shift in Rayleigh ma...