diphtheria is a fatal disease caused by exotoxin of corynebacterium     diphtheria .  this toxin consists of   two chains, catalytic chain (a) and binding (b) chain. by binding chain (b),   the toxin binds to its receptor on numerous body cells such as myocardial,   kidney and peripheral nerve cells. after entering, catalytic chain (a)   inhibits protein synthesis and finally can cause cell dea...

Permanent protein-protein interactions are commonly identified by co-purification of two or more protein components using techniques like co-immunoprecipitation, tandem affinity purification and native electrophoresis. Here we focus on blue-native electrophoresis, clear-native electrophoresis, high-resolution clear-native electrophoresis and associated techniques to identify stable membrane pro...

All cells contain proteases, which effect catalytic hydrolysis of the peptide bond between amino acids in the protein backbone. Typically, proteinases are prevented from nonspecific proteolysis by regulation and physical separation into different subcellular compartments; however, this segregation is not retained during cell lysis to release a protein of interest. Prevention of proteolysis duri...

pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen is a significant cause of acute and chronic infections in patients with compromised defenses. this bacterium is motile via a single polar flagellum made of polymerized flagellin subunits differentiated into two major serotypes: a and b. flagellin plays an important role as a virulence factor in the adhesion, colonization and invasion of p. aer...

mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv strain) was used in this study. the bacterial cells were disintegrated by sonication. the separation and characterization of the soluble molecules were attempted by various techniques including gel filtration, ion exchange chromatographies and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using sds and 2me. eight protein molecules with molecular weights ranging from 6.3 ...

background: production of tissue plasminogen activator protein (t-pa) in prokaryotes systems has many problems such as the lack of active protein production, multiple purification steps, and renaturation process which has been shown to be costly and time-consuming. methods: in this study, reteplase which is the nonglycosylated active domain of t-pa was used to transform top10 escherichia coli (...

Protein purification of recombinant proteins constitutes a significant cost of biomanufacturing and various efforts have been directed at developing more efficient purification methods. We describe a protein purification scheme wherein Ralstonia eutropha is used to produce its own "affinity matrix," thereby eliminating the need for external chromatographic purification steps. This approach is b...

Label-free techniques for quantification of protein-protein interaction often requires protein samples separated from complex media using affinity purification tools such as magnetic nanoparticles. However, the proteins are attached to nanoparticles and need additional preparation steps, including elution immobilization a sensor surface before measurement. To streamline this tedious process, we...

Purification is a bottleneck and a major cost factor in the production of antibodies. We set out to engineer a bifunctional fusion protein from two building blocks, Protein A and a hydrophobin, aiming at low-cost and scalable antibody capturing in solutions. Immunoglobulin-binding Protein A is widely used in affinity-based purification. The hydrophobin fusion tag, on the other hand, has been sh...