Descriptions of the mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage and their correlations with collagen, proteoglycan, water, and ions are summarized, with particular emphasis on understanding the osmotic effect inside the tissue. First, a descriptive explanation is presented of the biphasic theory required to understand how interstitial water contributes toward the viscoelastic behavior of any hy...

The proteoglycan of articular cartilage provides this tissue with its elastic properties, and the structure of these molecules plays a major role in determining the resilience of the tissue to compression. In the present paper we have shown that the structure of the proteoglycan subunits in human articular cartilage changes considerably between the fetus and the mature adult. These changes occu...

Proteoglycans of bone-marrow stromal cells and their extracellular matrix are important components of the microenvironment of haematopoietic tissues. Proteoglycans might also be involved in the interaction of haematopoietic stem and stromal cells. Recently, several studies have been reported on the proteoglycan synthesis of stromal cells, but little is known about the proteoglycan synthesis of ...

Proteoglycans (A1D1) extracted from bovine femoral-head cartilage were examined by electron microscopy using benzyldimethylammonium chloride as a spreading agent. The preparation contained a mixture of particles, some with a 'beaded' structure and a contiguous filamentous 'tail' at one end and others which appeared as round 'blobs', some of which also had filamentous tails. Previous electron-mi...

The in vitro phenotype of bovine articular chondrocytes is described. Chondrocytes plated at high density in roller-bottle and dish cultures were maintained in vitro. The major matrix macromolecules, collagen and proteoglycan, synthesized by these cells were characterized during the course of the culture period. The chondrocytes synthesized mainly Type II collagen, which was found predominantly...

A mouse monoclonal antibody (AN9P1) to keratan sulphate is described. In a competitive-inhibition solution-phase radioimmunoassay employing l25l-labelled intact proteoglycan, it reacts preferentially with keratan sulphate bound to the core protein of adult human articular-cartilage proteoglycan and to a much lesser degree with keratan sulphate purified from this proteoglycan. Proteolytic cleava...

The addition of foetal calf serum to explant cultures of adult bovine articular cartilage is known to stimulate proteoglycan synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. We have now shown the activity in serum responsible for this effect to be heat- and acid-stable, to be associated with a high-Mr complex in normal serum but converted to a low-Mr form under acid conditions. The activity has an apparen...

The modulation of interleukin 1 (IL-1) effects on proteoglycan metabolism in intact murine patellar cartilage by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro TGF-beta (400 pmol/l) had no effect on basal proteoglycan degradation. Proteoglycan degradation induced by IL-1, however, was suppressed by TGF-beta in serum free medium alone and in medium sup...

The process of naturation chitosan extraction liquid waste into proteoglycans with various types binders is an effort to make new materials / that are expected provide benefits increase livestock productivity. material (proteoglycan) formed through a reaction mechanism highly dependent on the original component as well additional components function receptors (inhibitors) or activators (trigger...

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells and their extracellular matrix are important components of the microenvironment of hematopoietic tissues and are involved in the interaction of hematopoietic stem and stromal cells. Although previous studies have emphasized the role of HS proteoglycan synthesis by BM stromal cells, we have recently shown that the human hematop...