Few quantitative data exist to describe the activity of the distal muscles of the equine forelimb during locomotion, and there is an incomplete understanding of the functional roles of the majority of the forelimb muscles. Based on morphology alone it would appear that the larger proximal muscles perform the majority of work in the forelimb, whereas the smaller distal muscles fulfil supplementa...

fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (fop) is a rare hereditary connective tissue disease characterized by the progressive ectopic ossification of ligaments, tendons, and facial and skeletal muscles throughout life. symptoms begin in childhood as localized soft tissue swellings. immobility and articular dysfunction appear with involvement of the spine and proximal extremities. the temporomandi...

Torque motor produced stretch of upper limb muscles results in two distinct reflex peaks in the electromyographic activity. Whereas the short-latency reflex (SLR) response is mediated largely by the spinal monosynaptic reflex pathway, the longer-latency reflex (LLR) is suggested to involve a transcortical loop. For the SLRs, patterns of heteronymous monosynaptic Ia connections have been well-st...

Background and purpose We evaluated muscle echointensity as a marker for secondary axonal damage in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) using ultrasonography. Findings were correlated clinical disability muscular strength. Methods Eighty CIDP (40 typical 40 atypical CIDP) examined clinically, including assessment of Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score Inf...

Unilateral hypertrophy of the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) is an uncommon radiologic finding that may present as a palpable soft tissue mass in thigh. Accurate diagnosis can circumvent unnecessary biopsy for this benign finding. We report two cases unilateral muscles, both which presented proximal thigh mass. provide examples sonographic, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (...

One of the characteristic features of the neuropathy of lepromatous leprosy is stated to be the preservation of the commonly elicited deep tendon reflexes (9). This suggests the integrity of the reflex arc related to the large proximal limb muscles. Interest in muscle pathology in leprosy has recently been revi ved following experimental (II) and human (8) evidence of parasitization of striated...

Muscle fatigue can cause people to change their movement patterns and these changes could contribute to acute or overuse injuries. However, these effects depend on which muscles are fatigued. The purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of proximal and distal upper extremity muscle fatigue on repetitive movements. Fourteen subjects completed a repetitive ratcheting task b...

conclusions despite rarity of the hip external rotator muscles strains, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of athletes with proximal posterior thigh and buttock pain. introduction buttock pain is a relatively common complaint among adolescent athletes and can have a very broad differential diagnosis. case presentation the authors present a previously unreported case of acute ...

OBJECTIVE To document electromyographic (EMG) changes in thyrotoxic patients, and to categorize the type of myopathic process in thyrotoxicosis. METHODS This case control study was designed to show the EMG changes in thyrotoxic patients and to compare these findings with that of normal aged matched controls to show the significance of these changes in thyrotoxic patients. Student`s test was a...

Stimulus-triggered averaging (StTA) of electromyographic (EMG) activity from 24 simultaneously recorded forelimb muscles was used to investigate properties of primary motor cortex (M1) output in the macaque monkey. Two monkeys were trained to perform a reach-to-grasp task requiring multijoint coordination of the forelimb. EMG activity was recorded from 24 forelimb muscles including 5 shoulder, ...