Vertebral artery injury including thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), pseudo-aneurysm and hemorrhage may be iatrogenic or due to penetrating or blunt trauma. Although mostly asymptomatic, vertebral artery injury may also present with vertebrobasilar insufficiency findings, cephalgia, radicular pain or myelopathy due to blockade of arterial flow, arterial steal phenomenon and venous hyperte...

BACKGROUND Vascular closure devices (VCDs) are frequently used for hemostasis with endovascular procedures by employing sutures or plug devices (using collagen or hydrogel) or through the use of a metal clip made of nickel and titanium, such as the StarClose SE device. In comparison to manual compression (MC), VCDs are associated with earlier time to discharge and ambulation, improved patient c...

A 52-year-old man presented with signs of a right middle cerebral artery stroke. A large pulsatile mass was noted at the right base of his neck, together with an overlying scar which the patient reported as being due to a stab wound sustained 22 years ago (Fig. 1). A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain showed an infarct in the area of the right middle cerebral artery (Fig. 2). Computed t...

Apico-aortic conduit (AAC) is an alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR) in selected high-risk patients. It involves the interposition of a vascular graft with a prosthetic valve from the left ventricular (LV) apex to the descending thoracic aorta. Its use is uncommon but increasing. We describe the complication of pseudo-aneurysm formation following an apico-aortic procedure...

Basic research on cerebral aneurysms using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations has recently progressed. We describe a clinical case with the use of CFD simulations. A 76-year-old woman had an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Pre-operative CFD simulations demonstrated that carotid artery stenting (...

Revascularization of the visceral arteries during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair is usually performed sequentially by an anastomosis between a prosthetic graft and an aortic patch. There are immediate operative risks such as bleeding and distortion. In the longer term, aneurysm, pseudo-aneurysm and rupture may occur. These require reoperation and are associated with significant morbidity and ...