Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary syndrome characterized by surfactant accumulation in the alveoli, which results impaired gas exchange. There are three types of PAP: primary, secondary and congenital. Autoimmune PAP, under category primary most common form, caused an impairment granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signalling, due to presence anti-GM-...

Calorie restriction, followed by ad libitum refeeding, results, respectively, in loss and regeneration of pulmonary alveoli. We now show 35% of alveoli are lost within 72 h of onset of calorie restriction ((2/3) decreased daily chow intake), and an additional 12% of alveoli are lost over a subsequent 12 days of calorie restriction. Tissue necrosis was not seen. Within 72 h of refeeding, after 1...

This debate focuses on whether, and to what extent, loss of small precapillary arteries is associated with the elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and resistance that accompanies chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. The issue has become the focus of much debate for a number of reasons. Papers from McLoughlin and his group (5, 6) have provided conclusive evidence that there is cons...

Sheep (ovine) pulmonary adenocarcinoma (SPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adneomatosis (OPA),jaagsiekte and ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC) is a contagious lung tumor in sheep and, more rarely, ingoats. This study was carried out in Khuzestan, in the southwest of Iran for a period of six months. A totalnumber of 3985 native breed goats were clinically inspected and postmortem examination was ...

1. Centrilobular diseases (1) Pulmonary emphysema Early centrilobular emphysema starts from the proximal portion of the pulmonary acinus where respiratory bronchioles and neighboring alveoli are distributed. Typical CT findings are low-attenuation areas (LAA) surrounded by perilobular normal lung. Such LAA lacks a distinct wall. Pulmonary arteries within LAA are isolated and narrowed. The disea...

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare life-threatening condition which refers to the presence of red blood cells within alveoli deriving from hemorrhage originating in the pulmonary microvasculature. It differs from alveolar filling, in which blood cells derive from localized bleeding, usually of bronchial origin. DAH may be part of diffuse alveolar injury of any origin. DAH should be con...

Objective(s) To determine the potential toxic effects of manual soldering flux cored solder wire on lung of the rat as an experimental model. Materials and Methods A total number of 48 adult male rats were divided into experimental (n= 30) and control (n= 18) groups. Based on exposure time to solder fume, each group was further subdivided into 2, 4 and 6 week subgroups. Rats of experimental ...

Administration of amphiphilic drugs to experimental animals causes formation of myelinoid bodies in many cell types, accumulation of foamy macrophages in pulmonary alveoli and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. These changes are the result of an interaction between the drugs and phospholipids which leads to an alteration in physicochemical properties of the phospholipids. Impairment of the digesti...

When ventilation is blocked, the lung can protect against the loss of blood oxygenation by activating localized arterial vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow to underventilated regions, and redirecting flow to better-ventilated alveoli. This phenomenon, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), preserves the overall efficiency of blood oxygenation, but the mechanism by which the hypoxic signal...