BACKGROUND Emotional abuse is central to other forms of abuse. The primary objective of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of emotional abuse among pupils in basic education schools and the risk factors associated with it in Aden governorate, Yemen. METHODS Four districts were randomly selected from across the governorate of Aden, 2 schools were selected at random in each district, and...

Across species, oxytocin, an evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide, facilitates social communication by attuning individuals to conspecifics' social signals, fostering trust and bonding. The eyes have an important signalling function; and humans use their salient and communicative eyes to intentionally and unintentionally send social signals to others, by contracting the muscles around their eyes...

OBJECTIVE To document the observations of elementary school teachers (ESTs) in Ilorin, Nigeria on their practice of some types of corporal punishment (CP) that could result in eye injuries among their pupils. MATERIALS AND METHODS A short battery of questions that explored ESTs' observations on attitudes to, and knowledge of some commonly used CP practices was self-administered on 172 consent...

A 53-year-old patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome preceded by herpes simplex virus infection developed bilateral tonic pupils with light-near dissociation. Pharmacological tests for pupils suggested postganglionic involvement of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. A demyelinating process of peripheral autonomic nerves was suspected to be the cause of the tonic pupils and autonomic dysf...

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of conducting a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) of peer led intervention in schools to reduce the risk of HIV/STD and promote sexual health. METHODS Four secondary schools in Greater London were randomly assigned to receive peer led intervention (two experimental schools) or to act as control schools. In the experimental schools, trained volunteers ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING 24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS 1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds). INTERVENTION Teachers gave a single lesson on emergency contraception t...

This paper proposes an educational environment in which teacher students and school pupils form a learning community coping with common robotics challenges. The robot prototypes developed by the students are used by the pupils for experiential robotics studies. Our educational research focuses on the analysis of learning behaviors and the effect of the experimentation on development of creative...

We present U-Note, an augmented teaching and learning system leveraging the advantages of paper while letting teachers and pupils benefit from the richness that digital media can bring to a lecture. U-Note provides automatic linking between the notes of the pupils’ notebooks and various events that occurred during the class (such as opening digital documents, changing slides, writing text on an...

When control of the pupil size is required, the simplest method is to use a physical artificial pupil or aperture that is placed in the spectacle plane. In some clinical applications (e.g., the potential acuity meter) an optical artificial pupil is imaged in the plane of the natural pupil by a Maxwellian view optical system. We compared visual performance with physical and Maxwellian artificial...