BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement (PWS) with and without p-synephrine (S) on perceptions of readiness to perform, cognitive function, exercise performance, and markers of safety. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced manner; 25 healthy and recreationally active male and female participant...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinted genetic obesity disorder characterized by abnormalities of growth and metabolism. Multiple mouse models with deficiency of one or more PWS candidate genes have partially correlated individual genes with aspects of the PWS phenotype, although the genetic origin of defects in growth and metabolism has not been elucidated. Gene-targeted mutation of the P...

Neural control of rising and falling tones in Mandarin people who stutter (PWS) was examined by comparing with that which occurs in fluent speakers [Howell, Jiang, Peng, and Lu (2012). Neural control of fundamental frequency rise and fall in Mandarin tones. Brain and Language, 121(1), 35-46]. Nine PWS and nine controls were scanned. Functional connectivity analysis showed that the connections b...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and characteristic feeding behaviors with failure to thrive during infancy; followed by hyperphagia and excessive weight gain later in childhood. Individuals with PWS also manifest complex behavioral phenotypes. Approximately 25% meet criteria for autism...

As part of a study investigating commonalities between Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS-a genetic imprinting disorder) and early-onset obesity of unknown etiology (EMO) we measured total cerebral and cerebellar volume on volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Individuals with PWS (N = 16) and EMO (N = 12) had smaller cerebellar volumes than a control group of 15 siblings (p = .02 control...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been linked with maternally derived duplications/triplications of chromosome 15q11-13 and therefore might occur more frequently in people with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) when due to uniparental disomy (UPD), than in other forms of chromosomal abnormality involving this region [i.e. deletion (DEL) forms of PWS and DEL+UPD forms of Angelman's syndrome -(AS)]...

UNLABELLED This research note describes potential trends in the reaction time (RT) performance of persons who stutter (PWS). The main purpose of this note is to describe these trends to researchers, encourage further research in this area, and alert researchers to possible concerns about the interaction of certain reaction time research procedures and characteristics of PWS. Post hoc analyses a...

Purpose: To measure the effect of stuttering on eye-gaze in fluent speakers while viewing video presentations of typical speakers and people who stutter (PWS) speaking because eye-gaze behaviors provide indicators of emotion and communicative integrity. Method: Sixteen fluent college-age adults, naïve to stuttering, observed six 30-second audiovisual speech samples of three PWS, and three age a...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of capillary malformations, also known as port-wine stains (PWS), is 0.3%. Familial segregation can occur. The capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) phenotype is caused by mutations in the RASA1 gene. In PWS familial cases, the inheritance is considered to be autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. OBJECTIVE Investigation of the heredity of ...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are caused by the loss of imprinted gene expression from chromosome 15q11-q13. Imprinted gene expression in the region is regulated by a bipartite imprinting centre (IC), comprising the PWS-IC and the AS-IC. The PWS-IC is a positive regulatory element required for bidirectional activation of a number of paternally expressed genes. The funct...