Abstract Background: Improvement in health policies has led to changing diseases pattern and increasing rapidly population of elderly people in developing countries such as Iran. Therefore, improvement of quality of life and health status of elderly people demands increased attention. This study was conducted to identify tools that are commonly used to measure health status and quality of l...

Development and assessment of measurement tools are important stages in the research processes regarding social, educational, and medical sciences, which mainly focus on the measurement of characteristics, qualitative variables, and abstract variables. Validity and reliability are two important components of researcher-made tools. The quality of assessment and confirming of validity and reliabi...

these days, all department stores make an effort to provide their clients with valuable products in order to project the best image for them. as a result, clients’ comprehension risk will decrease and they will be more willing to repurchase. having a good image is really important for the department stores because it makes an impression on clients’ comprehension of both quality and risk. consid...