Ayache has recently proved that if R is an integrally closed domain such that each overring of R is treed, then R is a locally pseudo-valuation domain. We investigate the extent to which the analogue (in which one concludes that R is a locally pseudo-valuation ring) holds if R is generalized to a commutative ring. A positive result is obtained if R is an idealization D(+)K where D is an integra...

‎For the subclasses $mathcal{M}_1$ and $mathcal{M}_2$ of‎ ‎monomorphisms in a concrete category $mathcal{C}$‎, ‎if $mathcal‎{M}_2subseteq mathcal{M}_1$‎, ‎then $mathcal{M}_1$-injectivity‎ ‎implies $mathcal{M}_2$-injectivity‎. ‎The Baer type criterion is about‎ ‎the converse of this fact‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we apply injectivity to the classes of $C$-dense‎, ‎$C$-closed‎ ‎monomorphisms‎. ‎The con...

Locally direct sums [W, Definition 3.15] appeared naturally in classification results for topological rings (see, e.g.,[K2], [S1], [S2], [S3], [U1]). We give here a result (Theorem 3) for locally compact Baer rings by using of locally direct sums. 1. Conventions and definitions All topological rings are assumed associative and Hausdorff. The subring generated by a subset A of a ring R is denote...

In this work we attempt to generalize our result in [6] [7] for real rings (not just von Neumann regular real rings). In other words we attempt to characterize and construct real closure ∗ of commutative unitary rings that are real. We also make some very interesting and significant discoveries regarding maximal partial orderings of rings, Baer rings and essentail extension of rings. The first ...

let $r$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $m$ a right $r$-module with $s=$ end$_r(m)$. the module $m$ is called {it rickart} if for any $fin s$, $r_m(f)=se$ for some $e^2=ein s$. we prove that some results of principally projective rings and baer modules can be extended to rickart modules for this general settings.