Fiber-optic radiance microprobes, increasingly applied for measurements of internal light fields in living tissues, provide three-dimensional radiance distribution solids and radiant energy fluence rates at different depths of turbid samples. These data are, however, distorted because of an inherent feature of optical fibers: nonuniform angular sensitivity. Because of this property a radiance m...

For instruments that carry onboard solar diffusers to orbit, such as the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), it is possible to convert the instrument's reflectance measurements to radiance measurements by knowledge of the solar irradiance. This process, which generally requires the application of a solar irradiance model, is described. The application of the irradiance model is sep...

1.0 Introduction The contrast of a given feature at a specific wavelength of light is determined by the radiance of that feature and the radiance of the background or adjacent feature against which it is viewed. Target/Sky contrast (C) is defined as the ratio of the difference between the feature (target) and the background sky radiance to the background sky radiance: where N stands for radianc...

Radiation transport modulates the spatial frequencies of atmospheric structures, acting as a low pass filter, which causes the power spectra of the accumulated radiance to have different power spectral slopes than the underlying atmospheric structure. Additional effects arise because of the non-stationarity of the atmosphere. The SHARC atmospheric radiance code is used to model both equilibrium...

We propose a progressive radiance estimation engine (PREE) hardware architecture to accelerate the processing of the progressive photon mapping with satisfactory graphic quality. The presented PREE architecture consists of four progressive radiance estimation units (PREUs), approximate full task schedule-oriented hit-point update operation controller (AFTSO-HpUOC) and approximate data-independe...

Spherical harmonics are often used for compact description of incident radiance in low-frequency but distant lighting environments. For interaction with nearby emitters, computing the incident radiance at the center of an object only is not sufficient. Previous techniques then require expensive sampling of the incident radiance field at many points distributed over the object. Our technique all...

Ray tracers are usually regarded as off-line rendering algorithms that are too slow for interactive use. This thesis introduces techniques to accelerate ray tracing and to support interactive editing of ray-traced scenes. These techniques should be useful in many applications, such as architectural walk-throughs, modeling, and games, and will enhance both interactive and batch rendering. This t...

To what extent can three-dimensional shape and radiance be inferred from a collection of images? Can the two be estimated separately while retaining optimality? How should the optimality criterion be computed? When is it necessary to employ an explicit model of the reflectance properties of a scene? In this paper we introduce a separation principle for shape and radiance estimation that applies...

We study in detail the modes of a classical scalar field on a KerrNewman-anti-de Sitter (KN-AdS) black hole. We construct sets of basis modes appropriate to the two possible boundary conditions (“reflective” and “transparent”) at time-like infinity, and consider whether super-radiance is possible. If we employ “reflective” boundary conditions, all modes are non-super-radiant. On the other hand,...

Immersive virtual world environments, such as Second Life (SL), have the potential to dramatically improve the process of analyzing usability within technically correct system simulations, long before the system is built. We report our findings with the SL simulation of a Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system. The SL model and simulation were done according to the original technical specification...