We review some important recent developments in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of radiation and matter-radiation mixtures. These include variational principles for nonequilibrium steady states of photons, neutrinos, and matter in local thermodynamic equilibrium. These variational principles can be extended to include mass and chemical potential. The general nature of radiation entropy, entro...

Absorption and scattering of the impinging electromagnetic waves are two fundamental operations describing energy exchange any organic or inorganic particle with its environment. In case virion cells, substantial extinction power (counting both absorbing effects) is a prerequisite for performing variety coupling actions against viral particles, thus highly sought-after feature. By considering r...