BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (Epo) receptors are present on enterocytes of fetal and neonatal small bowel but the role of Epo in the bowel is not known. AIMS We tested the following hypotheses: (1) enterally dosed Epo is absorbed from the intestines of neonatal rats, (2) Epo acts as a trophic factor in developing small bowel, and (3) the trophic effects of Epo are dependent on the route of admin...

background: rfamide-related peptide-3 (rfrp-3) inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion in rats. this study evaluates the effects of litter size and suckling intensity on rfrp mrna expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (dmh) of rats. materials and methods: a total of 32 pregnant and 4 non-lactating ovariectomized (control group) sprague-...

(1) Background: Preoptic region of hypothalamus is responsible to control maternal behavior, which was hypothesized be associated with gene expressional changes. (2) Methods: Transcriptome sequencing first applied in the preoptic rat dams comparison a group mothers whose pups were taken away immediately after parturition and did not exhibit caring behavior 10 days later. (3) Results: Differenti...

Our previous studies demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) administered during gestation and lactation periods impairs maternal behavior as well as the postnatal development of rat pups. The present study tested the hypothesis that the cross-fostering influences the development of rat pups. Mothers were daily exposed to injection of MA (5 mg/kg) and saline for 9 weeks: three weeks prior to imp...

Postnatal hypoxia is a main cause of neuronal damage in newborn. However, our understanding of the possible preventive or therapeutic methods to reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia is still primary. Pregnant rats were provided with running wheels during their pregnancy. On PND4 (postnatal day 4)to PND8, the rat pups were exposed to postnatal chronic hypoxia (11% O(2), 89% N(2)) in an air-tigh...

PURPOSE To investigate the possible free radical-scavenging activity of an extract of Cineraria maritima on selenite-induced cataractous lenses in Wistar rat pups. METHODS In the present study, Wistar rat pups were divided into three experimental groups. On P10, Group I (control) rat pups received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.89% saline. Rats in groups II (selenite-challenged, untreated)...

background: affecting the female reproductive organ and the layers around the oocyst, some ration ions could facilitate the penetration of sperm with specific chromosome type and change the sex ratio in mammal infants. objectives: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of potassium supplement on the sex ratio in rat. methods: the percentage of moisture, ash, crude fat and p...