Technologies for the measurement of bone mineral density and other parameters of bone strength at peripheral skeletal sites have been studied since the 1960s. Single-energy Photon Absorptiometry (SPA), Radiographic Absorptiometry (RA), Radiogrametry (RG), Single-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (SXA), Peripheral Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (pDXA), and Quantitative Ultrasonometry (QUS) have been...

INTRODUCTION The assessment of body composition is relevant to establish nutritional status and identify potential health risks. OBJETIVE a) To develop regression equations to predict fat mass (FM) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as reference method; b) to propose reference FM values based on chronological and biological age for Chilean children and adolescents. METHODOLOGY Cross-s...

Atypical or silent celiac disease may go undiagnosed for many years and can frequently lead to loss of bone mineral density, with evolution to osteopenia or osteoporosis. The prevalence of the latter conditions, in case of new diagnosis of celiac disease, has been evaluated in many studies but, due to the variability of epidemiologic data and patient features, the results are contradictory. The...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to assess the accuracy of clinical measures for predicting adiposity when compared with a criterion standard of body fat percentage measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and to determine the most appropriate cut points for classifying obesity for each measure in adolescents with physical disability. DESIGN Body mass index, triceps skinfolds, an...

Background Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are associated with long-term bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. Early identification of AFF prior to their completion provides an opportunity to intervene, potentially reducing morbidity associated with these fractures. Single-energy X-ray absorptiometry (SE) is an imaging method recently shown to detect incomplete AFF (iAFF) prior to fracture completion. ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate how axial rotation of lumbar vertebrae quantitatively affects bone mineral density, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the anteroposterior plane. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Cadaver lumbar vertebrae (L2 to L4) were removed from four adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using dual energy X-ray absorp...

Body composition assessment is an integral feature of elite sport as optimization facilitates successful performance. This study aims to refine the use of B-mode ultrasound in the assessment of athlete body composition by determining suitable sites for measurement. 67 elite athletes recruited from the Human Performance Laboratory, University College Cork, Ireland, underwent dual measurement of ...

INTRODUCTION the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass. OBJECTIVE our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 mon...

Background: The Singh index is an inexpensive simple method to evaluate bone density, commonly used to assess osteoporosis is based on the radiological appearance of the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur on a plain antero-posterior (AP) radiograph. The purpose of this study was to compare between Singh index and bone mineral density measurement using dual energy X-ray abs...

Vertebral fractures are highly prevalent in the elderly population, and epidemiologic studies have found that these fractures are associated with an increased risk of future spine or hip fractures independent of bone mineral density. Only 20%-30% of vertebral fractures are recognized clinically; the rest are discovered incidentally on lateral spine radiographs. Lateral spine x-rays have not bee...