PURPOSE To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of reamed and nonreamed intramedullary nailing in treatment of closed tibial fractures with Cochrane systematic review methods. METHODS According to the Cochrane systematic review methods, literatures were retrieved from Cochrane library, PubMed, EMbase and other database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized control...

One of the Iraqi geotechnical problems is presence gypseous soils covering about (27-36) percentage Iraq containing gypsum between (10-70) ratios. The main reason for soil problematic dissolution when these are inundated. However, soluble can be leached out particles, so led to cracking, tilting, and collapsing related structure changing properties. aim this work investigate performance under-r...

The need for reaming and the number of locking screws to be used in intramedullary (IM) tibial nailing of acute fractures as well as routine bone grafting of tibial aseptic nonunions have not been clearly defined. We describe the results of reamed interlocked IM nails in 233 patients with 247 tibial fractures (190 closed, 27 open and 30 nonunions). Ninety-six percent of the fractures were unite...

Background: Surgeons agree on the benefits of operative treatment of tibial fractures – the most common of long bone fractures – with an intramedullary rod or nail. Rates of re-operation remain high – between 23% and 60% in prior trials – and the two alternative nailing approaches, reamed or non-reamed, each have a compelling biological rationale and strong proponents, resulting in ongoing cont...

We have systematically reviewed the effect of alternative methods of stabilisation of open tibial fractures on the rates of reoperation, and the secondary outcomes of nonunion, deep and superficial infection, failure of the implant and malunion by the analysis of 799 citations on the subject, identified from computerised databases. Although 68 proved to be potentially eligible, only eight met a...

We have systematically reviewed the effect of alternative methods of stabilisation of open tibial fractures on the rates of reoperation, and the secondary outcomes of nonunion, deep and superficial infection, failure of the implant and malunion by the analysis of 799 citations on the subject, identified from computerised databases. Although 68 proved to be potentially eligible, only eight met a...

This paper discusses the possibility to create railway interlocking software in an automated process. The classic approaches are interlocking tables or relay modules. In the case of using interlocking tables, they form the core of the signal box. This means ideally that two signal boxes differ only by their interlocking tables. The major disadvantage of interlocking tables is the massive manual...