The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water used for irrigation in the Werribee River Basin, Australia, including river water and reclaimed effluent water (reclaimed water). Samples of reclaimed water, collected over a one-year period, were screened for the occurrence of ARGs using PCR detection assays. The presence of ARGs in the r...

Wastewater reclamation for municipal irrigation is an increasingly attractive option for extending water supplies. However, public health concerns include the potential for development of antibiotic resistance (AR) in environmental bacteria after exposure to residual pharmaceuticals in reclaimed water. Though scientific studies have reported high levels of AR in soils irrigated with wastewater,...

Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater presents a wide spectrum of technical and health challenges that must be carefully evaluated prior to undertaking a project. This review will provide a discussion of groundwater recharge and its management with special reference to health and regulatory aspects of groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater. At present, some ...

During barrel maturation, the volatile compounds extracted from oak wood can contribute to a wine’s overall aroma and flavour, enhancing its character and complexity. However, barrels have a finite pool of extractable material and the amounts of oak derived volatile compounds available for extraction diminish over time. As a consequence, barrels are typically decommissioned after five to six ye...

In this study, properties of newly developed reclaimed tiles in a harmful environment were investigated. A portion of clay used to manufacture tiles was replaced with sewage sludge ash (SSA) and waste glass to produce the new reclaimed tiles. To investigate the effects of SSA and waste glass on the properties of the tiles, different specimens were blended and placed in acid-alkali solutions. Th...

A significantdbut underutilizeddwater resource is reclaimed water, i.e., treated wastewater that is reintroduced for various purposes. Especially in water scarce regions, reclaimed water is often the only remaining source of water to meet increasing population and water demands. In this paper, we develop a newmodel formulation for the cost-effective branched reclaimed water network design and s...

This study evaluates the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in reclaimed effluents if method 1623 with the Envirochek capsule filters (standard and high-volume [HV] filters) and a modified version of the Information Collection Rule method (ICR) with the polypropylene yarn-wound cartridge filter are used. The recovery efficiency of the analytical methods was evaluated with s...

Plant communities dominated by the invasive species Heliotropium curassavicum, Bassia indica and Chenopodium ambrosioides were investigated in fallow land, coastal desert land, newly reclaimed land, canal banks and old reclaimed land in the Nile Delta Mediterranean coast. A total of 19 common species were recorded in this study. They constituted 12 annual and 7 perennial species. The vegetation...