The Heller’s color test for indican in urine is interesting because besides detecting this important biomarker it reveals the dual function of nitric acid since can accomplish synthesis indigo blue and red, as well degrade them to isatin, depending upon reaction conditions. Moreover, inspired other tests detection, using oxidizing reagents. Actually, detected by a colour chart with different to...

Abstract A major challenge in materials science is dynamically adjusting material properties using sensors and control systems. This contribution develops a new approach self‐oscillating copolymer to autonomously change surface response environmental changes. redox‐sensitive terpolymer of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), dimethylacrylamide (DMAc), an iron‐based comonomer ([(phen) 2 (phen‐5‐yl‐ac...

Research into the metabolic phenotype of autism has been relatively unexplored despite the fact that metabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several other neurobehavioral disorders. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress have been reported in autistic children; however, intracellular redox status has not yet been evaluated. Lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) derived from ...

The type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) from rabbit skeletal muscle displayed two distinct degrees of response to cytoplasmic Ca(2+) [high- and low-open probability (P(o)) channels]. Here, we examined the effects of adenine nucleotides and caffeine on these channels and their modulations by sulfhydryl reagents. High-P(o) channels showed biphasic Ca(2+) dependence and were activated by adenine nucl...

Molecule and molecular assemblies with cavities of different size and shape to encapsulate guest molecules have been synthesized in view of their potential use as selective hosts for anion sensing, catalysis, selective recognition, and separation of guest molecules.[1] Rebek, Jr. and co-workers recently demonstrated that the binding of a reagent inside a capsular cavity boosts the rate of a Die...

The presence of ferric chelate reducing activity in sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.) leaves has been studied by submerging leaf discs in a solution with Fe(lll)-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (FeEDTA), bathophenanthroline disulphonate (BPDS) and vacuum infiltration. The effect of different factors on the Fe(lll) reduction rate was studied. Ferric reduction rate was about 10-fold higher in the lig...

We have developed a deaminative–decarboxylative protocol to form new carbon(sp3)–carbon(sp3) bonds from activated amines and carboxylic acids. Amines acids are ubiquitous building blocks, available in broad chemical diversity at lower cost than typical C−C coupling partners. To leverage for coupling, we reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling utilizing block activation as pyridinium salts red...

quinones are a class of compounds which have widespread importance in chemistry, biology and medicine. because of their appropriate performance in electron transferring rate, quinones are among the most applicable mediators in biosensors. recently, the effects of different non-metal substitutions on redox potential of quinone have been investigated to design suitable mediators for different ele...

Abstract

    Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors attract a lot of interest as useful methods because of their low cost, accuracy, sensitivity, and simplicity. An electro-active redox molecule comprises the main part of the electrochemical-based sensors. Ferrocene is one of the most popular redox molecule used in biosensor fabrication. But, instability of ferrocenium ion in strong nucleophilic reagents...