paracetamol (acetaminophen, pcm) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. intake of a large dose of pcm may result in severe hepatic necrosis. oxidative stress is mediated by oxidative capacities of the pcm metabolite (n-acetyl-para-benzo quinoneimine, napqi), which covalently binds to proteins and other macromolecules to cause cellular damage. at low doses, napqi is co...

Glutathione plays a key role in the liver in detoxification reactions and in regulating the thiol-disulfide status of the cell. Glutathione synthesis is regulated mainly by the availability of precursor cysteine and the concentration of glutathione itself which feeds back to regulate its own synthesis. Degradation of hepatic glutathione is principally regulated by the efflux of reduced and oxid...

The chronic effect of environmental methomyl on the antioxidant system in testis Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its recovery pattern was investigated. Tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations 0.2, 2, 20 200 ?gL?1 for 30 days thereafter moved methomyl-free water 18 days. Antioxidant levels testis, including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, reductase,...

Methylene Blue injected into rabbits resulted in increased glutamate, reduced glutathione and pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylate in erythrocytes. The increase in reduced glutathione was probably due to increased glutamate changing the feedback control of glutathione on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.

Cryopreservation of monolayers of hepatocytes in a freezing medium containing 10% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide, 90% (v/v) foetal calf serum retains cell morphology and viability, but cells lose up to 50% of their intracellular reduced glutathione. This is accompanied by a small increase in glutamate cysteine ligase expression in cryopreserved cultures, but glutathione synthetase expression is undete...

Abbreviations: ROS: Reactive oxygen species; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; CAT: Catalase; POD: peroxidase; APX: Ascorbic Acid Peroxidase; GR: Glutathione Reductase; AsA-GSH: Ascorbate-Glutathione; ASC: Reduced form of Ascorbate; DHA: Dehydroascorbate; MDHAR: Monodehydroascorbate Reductase; DHAR: Dehydroascorbate reductase; GSH: Reduced Glutathione; GSSG: Oxidized Glutathione; PDA: Potato Dextrose Ag...