This paper attempts to point out the shortcomings of mainstream regional integration theory: neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism. The 1999-2001 Mercosur crisis is chosen as a tour de force for regionalist theories. The “redefinition” of South American integration process during the following years shows the necessity to introduce complementary approaches focused on ideational factors –id...

This study decomposes total risk of a MSCI Asian country index returns into three components: world systematic risk, Asian regional systematic risk and country-specific risk. The study finds an Asian country index returns mostly respond to shocks originated within the country. China, Korea and Taiwan index returns are increasingly sensitive to global common shocks notably after the Asian financ...

This paper briefly recounts the main events in the history of the creation and g•owth of a Brazilian regional development bank, the Banco Regional de Desenvolvimento d Extremo-Sul (BRDE), operating in the southern region. The essay deals with the period from the bank's beginning in1962 through the mid-1980s, when it underwent a number of changes as part of the restructuring of public institutio...

The East Asian ®nancial crisis had a major impact on the regional operations of banks, and in particular investment banks. As the ®nancial crisis deepened during 1997 and 1998, numerous European and North American banks began to restructure their organizational capabilities in capital markets, foreign exchange, securities, and project ®nance, as they became exposed to bad debts and reductions i...

. it can be claimed that no other country in the world possesses such a geopolitical situation. although such a situation provides the country with a set of opportunities, any wrong decision-making, apart from national and international realities, in choosing the focus of policies and foreign relations activities may turn it into a ground for crisis and continued failure for iran. this paper se...

OBJECTIVE To (1) provide a contextual analysis of the Caribbean region with respect to forces shaping the current and emerging nursing workforce picture in the region; (2) discuss country-specific case(s) within the Caribbean; and (3) describe the Managed Migration Program as a potential framework for addressing regional and global nurse migration issues. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The Caribbean is i...

The geopolitics, geostrategic and geo-economics position of the Persian Gulf causes this region to be the subject of attention of the ultra-regional powers. This subject became more important by the invention of fire weapons after Renaissance and the promotion of the colonic view in Europe. Spanish and British men besides the Portuguese that is America, Russia, china and European union all have...

OBJECTIVE To document diabetes health services use and indices of glycaemic management of young people with type 1 diabetes from the time of their first contact with adult services, for those living in regional areas compared with those using city and state capital services, and compared with clinical guideline targets. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Case note audit of 239 young adults aged 18-...

The severe and unanticipated economic downturn in Indonesia mirrored the regional economic fallout following the 1997 financial crisis. Although it seems likely that the crisis in neighboring countries had an adverse impact on Indonesia, the issue has so far received little attention. This paper examines economic contagion from Thailand to Indonesia. It finds evidence of such contagion, which w...