The tessellation of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons has been contemplated since ancient times and presents intriguing aspects embracing mathematics, art, and crystallography. Significant efforts were devoted to engineer specific 2D interfacial tessellations at the molecular level, but periodic patterns with distinct five-vertex motifs remained elusive. Here, we report a direct scanning ...

An algorithm for constructing almost regular triangulations (ARTs) for three-dimensional polygonal domains is described. Ideally such triangulations consist entirely of congruent tetrahedra with nearly equal edges. The new feature of this method is that the position of the vertices is adjusted, before any connecting edges are assigned. This leads to grids with very few irregular vertices, i.e. ...

In this paper, we give an application of iterated pushdown automata to contour words of balls and two other domains in infinitely many tilings of the hyperbolic plane. We also give a similar application for the tiling {5, 3, 4} of the hyperbolic 3D space and for the tiling {5, 3, 3, 4} of the hyperbolic 4D space as well. keywords: pushdown automata, iterated pushdown automata, tilings, hyperbol...

In this paper we study the word problem of groups corresponding to tessellations of the hyperbolic plane. In particular using the Fibonacci technology developed by the second author we show that groups corresponding to the pentagrid or the heptagrid are not automatic.

The ability to characterise capillary supply plays a key role in developing effective therapeutic interventions for numerous pathological conditions, such as capillary loss in skeletal or cardiac muscle. However, quantifying capillary supply is fraught with difficulties. Averaged measures such as capillary density or mean inter-capillary distance cannot account for the local geometry of the und...

A covalence sequence of a vertex-transitive map is a cyclic sequence of covalences around a vertex of the map. We explain the algebraic background for a study of the relationship between covalence sequences of maps on compact orientable surfaces and covalence sequences of (infinite) plane tessellations that both exhibit the same ‘level of transitivity’ of automorphism groups on vertices or edges.

We prove that there is a unique folding tessellation of the sphere and an infinite family of folding tessellations of the plane with prototiles a kite and an equilateral triangle. Each tiling of this family is obtained by successive gluing of two patterns composed of triangles and kites, respectively. The combinatorial structure and the symmetry group is achieved.