In the past 20 years a key topic of public sector reform in OECD countries has been the emergence of regulatory policy. During this period, the nature of regulation has undergone profound and rapid change. It evolved from early efforts of eliminating regulation and gave way to more systemic regulatory reform, involving a mixture of de-regulation, re-regulation and improving the effectiveness of...

Abstract Recent empirical analyses show consumers in electricity and water markets respond to average price rather than marginal price, calling for information provision policies that help correct the consumers’ bias. This paper characterizes regulated tariff if regulator is informed about average-price response of consumers. I find biased promotes equity gains by featuring quantity premia prov...

Legal reform is a necessity. Regulatory arrangement one aspect of the legal program within framework national development. Regulation solution and foundation law enforcement government policies, thereby creating certainty order providing benefits to community. However, regulation an obstacle development due overlapping regulations, hyper conflicts interest authority. It can be seen that there j...

Immunization is a great success of preventive medicine. In the United States, most vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood are at or near record lows while the number of diseases preventable by vaccination has increased. These successes result from a comprehensive system that includes basic research; developing and testing vaccine candidates; a manufacturing base; a regulatory authority; deve...

OBJECTIVE To identify, from policy makers' perspectives, strategies that enhance tobacco control advocates' effectiveness in the regulatory arena. DESIGN Key informant interview component of a comparative case study of regulatory agencies in the USA. SUBJECTS Policy makers involved in the development of four regulatory tobacco control policies (three state and one federal). METHODS Interv...

In Pakistan traditional medicines has been a strong part of our cultural heritage and has played a significant role in providing health care to a large portion of the population especially Tibb-e-unani and Homoeopathy. Efforts are made for the development of comprehensive policy and strategies for utilization of traditional medicine in the mainframe health care system which includes education, ...