Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a challenging, major health problem. Recent advances in understanding the fundamental biology underlying one form of RCC, ie, clear cell (or conventional) RCC, have opened the door to a series of targeted agents, such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have become the standard of care in managing advanced clear cell RCC. Among the newest ...

Rapamycin derivatives allosterically targeting mTOR are currently FDA approved to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and catalytic inhibitors of mTOR/PI3K are now in clinical trials for treating various solid tumors. We sought to investigate the relative efficacy of allosteric versus catalytic mTOR inhibition, evaluate the crosstalk between the mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways, as well as the ...

Although the functions of most of the identified microRNAs (miRNAs) have yet to be determined, their use as potential biomarkers has been considered in several human diseases and cancers. In order to understand their role in renal tumorigenesis, we screened the expression levels of miRNAs in four subtypes of human renal neoplasms: clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RC...

Although mixed-integer evolution strategies (MIES) have been successfully applied to optimization of mixed-integer problems, they may encounter challenges when fitness evaluations are time consuming. In this paper, we propose to use a radial-basis-function network (RBFN) trained based on the rank correlation coefficient distance metric to assist MIES. For the distance metric of the RBFN, we mod...

The change in lower arch crowding 3-4 years after second permanent molar eruption was examined in 85 subjects, in relation to the angulation and change in angulation of molars and incisors relative to the mandibular plane using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Crowding increased significantly during the observation periods. Changes in molar and incisor angulation in both mesial and...

The high concentration of macromolecules (i.e., macromolecular crowding) in cellular environments leads to large quantitative effects on the dynamic and equilibrium biological properties. These effects have been experimentally studied using inert macromolecules to mimic a realistic cellular medium. In this paper, two different experimental in vitro systems of diffusing proteins which use dextra...

PURPOSE Secondary primary cancers (SPCs) commonly arise in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We designed the present study to estimate the SPC incidence in Korean patients with RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study cohort was population-based and consisted of 40,347 individuals from the Korean Central Cancer Registry who were diagnosed with primary renal cancer between 1993 and 2013. S...

Peripheral objects and their features become indistinct when closely surrounding but nonoverlapping objects are present. Most models suggest that this phenomenon, called crowding, reflects limitations of visual processing, but an intriguing idea is that it may be, in part, adaptive. Specifically, the mechanism generating crowding may simultaneously facilitate ensemble representations of feature...

BACKGROUND The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is known to be an indicator of tumor activity. The ADC value of high-grade clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is significantly lower than that of low-grade clear-cell RCC. PURPOSE To investigate the utility of ADC values of clear-cell RCC by comparing ADC values between groups with T1a RCC (tumor size ≤ 4 cm) without metastasis and ...