Men are typically stronger, riskier, “showier,” and more impulsive than women. According to sexual selection theory, such behaviors may have enhanced reproductive fitness for ancestral human males. However, such behaviors are facultative, and the mechanisms that cause them respond to social and environmental cues that indicate whether outlays of strength, risk-taking, showing off, or impulsivit...

Two experiments with Middle Eastern participants explored the generalizability of prior research on religious priming and moral behavior to a novel cultural and religious context. Participants in Experiment 1 completed a sentence unscrambling task with religious or non-religious content (in Arabic) before taking an unsupervised math test on which cheating was possible and incentivized. No diffe...

How does belief in free will affect altruistic behavior? In an online experiment we undermine subjects' belief in free will through a priming task. Subjects subsequently conduct a series of binary dictator games in which they can distribute money between themselves and a charity that supports low-income people in developing countries. In each decision task, subjects choose between two different...

In religions where God is portrayed as both loving and wrathful, religious beliefs may be a source of fear as well as comfort. Here, we consider if God's love may be more effective, relative to God's wrath, for soothing distress, but less effective for helping control behavior. Specifically, we assess whether contemplating God's love reduces our ability to detect and emotionally react to confli...

this article reports on the findings of a study that investigated the impact of manipulating task performance conditions on listening task performance by learners of english as a foreign language (efl). the study was designed to explore the effects of changing complexity dimensions on listening task performance and to achieve two aims: to see how listening comprehension task performance was aff...

the aim of this article is to analyze the religious discourses represented in the movie “ketabe qanoon”. in this study mikhail bakhtin’s theory on polyphonic novel is used in which he believes that these novels do not have a univocal voice and instead reflect voices of different social strata. in order to analyze the movie, the methodology of laclau and mouffe is used. findings show that the mo...

Buddhism currently enjoys the reputation of being one of the leading voices in a chorus that sings the praises of religious tolerance and perhaps even of pluralism. It is open to question, however, whether this reputation is deserved. The purpose of the present article is to examine whether the teachings of classical Buddhism have a contribution to make to the jubilation over religious pluralis...

Textual Case-Based Reasoning (TCBR) is an artificial intelligence approach to problem solving and learning in which textual expertise is collected in a library of past cases. One of the critical application domains is the Islamic Fatawa (religious verdict) domain, which refers to seeking a legal ruling for religious issues that Muslims all over the globe pose on a daily basis. Official religiou...

Is it possible to distinguish between authentic religious faith in a miraculous cure and the psychiatric syndrome of denial in the face of serious illness? There are, of course, atheists who consider all religious beliefs delusional, and, therefore, would not accept the meaningfulness of the distinction. Many others, however, including some persons of faith, might still demur before undertaking...

a survey between falsehood and forbiddance seyyed mohammad reza ayati [1] hooshang golmohammadi [2]   abstract one the important issues of jurisprudence is the issue of withholding judgment and religious restraining order. therefore, each of these orders are of different types. studying these orders and their types and also answering the question of what task these withholding judgment and reli...