Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are two different types of chronic noninfectious gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, namely Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis. Renal involvement exists among the extraintestinal involvements IBD. IBD renal in form glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrolithiasis, amyloidosis. In this article, a 79-year-old male patient who presented wi...

background: infl ammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) are elevated in end-stage renal disease (esrd). il-6 and tnf-α are toxins which deteriorate renal function, and their pathogenic role has been confi rmed in cardiovascular and oral diseases. this study was designed to investigate the salivary levels of il-6 and tnf-α in patients with esrd un...