repellet effect of extracts and essential oils of citrus limon (l.) burm.f., (lemon) and melissa officinalis, (balm) were evaluated against anopheles stephensi in laboratory on animal and human and compared with synthetic repellent, n,ndiethyl- 3-methylbenzamide (deet) as a standard. results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences between oils and extracts (p< 0.05) against the...

In order to produce effective advisory messages, knowledge coming from different research fields has to be reconciled. Domain knowledge is only part of what is needed: sociological theories of behaviour change are of great help, and, as the messages have to be conveyed with some wording, argumentation theories are definitely crucial. The issue of integrating diverse knowledge representations is...

Commissural axons cross the nervous system midline and then turn to grow alongside it, neither recrossing nor projecting back into ventral regions. In Drosophila, the midline repellent Slit prevents recrossing: axons cross once because they are initially unresponsive to Slit, becoming responsive only upon crossing. We show that commissural axons in mammals similarly acquire responsiveness to a ...

L-alanine and its peptides (L-Ala-2-6) do not attract or repulse Tetrahymena in a 10(-8) M concentration. In 10(-10) M concentration there is a consistent repellent effect. Twenty four hours after L-alanine or L-alanine-peptides' pretreatment (imprinting) the progeny generation of the cells react differently to the same materials. L-Alanine, L-alanine penta- and hexapeptide in both concentratio...

Sir, Picaridin, a piperidine derivate, is a promising insect repellent that has been available to the consumer since 1998 (1). Picaridin protects against arthropods in a similar fashion to diethyl toluamide (deet), which is considered the gold standard compound (2, 3). Picaridin is also better tolerated than deet (1, 4), a fact that has encouraged its use in repellent formulations. We describe ...

Field tests evaluated repellent formulations containing deet in combination with permethrin-impregnated or untreated military uniforms against Aedes taeniorhynchus. No significant difference was determined between repellents in duration of protection whether or not permethrin-treated clothing was worn, but there were differences in efficacy relative to site of application. The head was the site...

As part of an ongoing research program to identify active mosquito repellents, Monarda bradburiana Beck and Monarda fistulosa L. essential oils showed good repellent activity with minimum effective dosages (MED) of 0.055 ± 0.036 and 0.078 ± 0.027 mg/cm(2), respectively, compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) (0.039 ± 0.014 mg/cm(2)). Systematic bioassay-guided fract...

The number of endangered plant species in the U.S. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. Ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. Repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. The essential oil and solvent extracts from Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume (Laur...

Vector repellent is one element in the prevention of vector-borne diseases. Families that neglect protecting their children against vectors risk their children contracting illnesses such as West Nile virus, eastern equine encephalitis, Lyme disease, malaria, dengue hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, babesiosis, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Southern tick-associate...

Petroleum ether extract of Blumea lacera was screened under laboratory conditions for repellent activity against mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). The repellent activity of Blumea lacera extract was tested against mosquitoes in comparison with the DEET, which was used as a positive control. Results obtained from the laboratory experi...