We examine the impact of a new tool for digital repression—a daily tax on social media use in Uganda. Using synthetic control framework and exploiting exogenous timing induced by legislative calendar, we estimate that reduced number georeferenced Twitter users 14 percent. The effects are larger poorer less frequent users. Despite overall decline use, tweets referencing collective action observe...

Tactical repertoires of mobilization and repression play an essential role in understanding dynamics political violence, yet existing quantitative approaches focus primarily on intensities or counts repressive actions. We instead the diversity repression, demonstrate a novel method measuring state using event data. show that more states are likely to employ diverse rather than specializing narr...

context:micrornas (mirnas) are a class of short, endogenously-initiated, non-coding rnas that post-transcriptionally control gene expression via translational repression or mrna turnover. mirnas have attracted much attention in recent years as they play critical roles in gene expression and are promising tools with many biotech and therapeutic applications. the molecular mechanisms underlying t...

yahyaal-samawi, iraqi poet, is one of the most prominent figures of resistance literature and contemporary arabic poetry. al-samawi defended his motherland with his poems, and in this course he went through torture, adversary, and moving out of his land. he started writing his resistance poems during ba’athist rule in iraq under saddam. he played an important role in opposing saddamists’ misgui...

iran’s economy has experienced an average inflation rate of 18.77 percent during the period of 1979-2010. many economists believe that the budget deficits are one of the main determinants of the chronic and relatively high inflation. this paper investigates the relationship between budget deficits and inflation. dynamics of iran’s monetary sector, based on the three cointegration relations i.e....

This paper examines through qualitative study the effect of government regulatory restriction and repression on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaging in transnational advocacy. The focus is NGO’s advocacy activities, realm human rights, environment, labor development particular, using illustrations from Bangladesh Zambia. It finds that next to some NGOs disbanding moving towards servic...