BACKGROUND Individuals with cocaine and gambling addictions exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits that may underlie persistence of harmful behaviours. AIMS We investigated the neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility in cocaine users v. pathological gamblers, aiming to disambiguate common mechanisms v. cocaine effects. METHOD Eighteen cocaine users, 18 pathological gamblers and 18 cont...

objectives: the attentional control scale is a self- report questionnaire that assesses individual differences in attentional control. despite its extensive use, the psychometric properties of the persian version of the acs are not well understood. thus, the present study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the attentional control scale and its relationship with symptoms of an...

Here we present our experimental results in synthesizing Au-Cu nano-particles with tunable localized surface plasmon resonance frequency through wet-chemical at temperature room. The reaction is performed in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as capping agent via four different procedures: (1) mixture of 90% HAuCl4 and 10% CuSO4.5H2O precursors, (2) mixt...

here we present our experimental results in synthesizing au-cu nano-particles with tunable localized surface plasmon resonance frequency through wet-chemical at temperature room. the reaction is performed in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as capping agent via four different procedures: (1) mixture of 90% haucl4 and 10% cuso4.5h2o precursors, (2) mixt...

Atomic mercury in the atmosphere was detected by the differential-absorption lidar technique. Laser light at the mercury resonance wavelength of 253.65 nm was generated by anti-Stokes shifting in H(2) of the frequency-doubled output from a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser. The measurements demonstrate that a concentration of 4 ng/m(3), corresponding to a typical background value, can be detected if a pa...

Performing optical spectroscopy of highly homogeneous quantum dot arrays in ultrahigh magnetic fields, an unprecedently well resolved Fock-Darwin spectrum is observed. The existence of up to four degenerate electronic shells is demonstrated where the magnetic field lifts the initial degeneracies, which reappear when levels with different angular momenta come into resonance. The resulting level ...

Once cognition is recognized as having a ‘dual’ information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous...

public accountability is a sign of modern and democratic administration. accountability has become a topic of concern in governance literature. the question of holding politicians and administration accountable in new governance environment, where many traditional means for controlling government have been no longer fully applied, has gained wide recognition. as a consequence, new types of acco...