BACKGROUND There exists some ambiguity regarding the exact anatomical limits of the orbicularis retaining ligament, particularly its medial boundary in both the superior and inferior orbits. Precise understanding of this anatomy is necessary during periorbital rejuvenation. METHODS Sixteen fresh hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed in the anatomy laboratory to evaluate the anatomy of...

The design of liquid retaining structures involves many decisions to be made by the designer based on rules of thumb, heuristics, judgment, code of practice and previous experience. Structural design problems are often ill structured and there is a need to develop programming environments that can incorporate engineering judgment along with algorithmic tools. Recent developments in artificial i...

calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. the upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. in this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

This paper highlights the importance of design expertise, for designing liquid retaining structures, including subjective judgments and professional experience. Design of liquid retaining structures has special features different from the others. Being more vulnerable to corrosion problem, they have stringent requirements against serviceability limit state of crack. It is the premise of the stu...