Calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. The upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. In this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

This resealrch wals written with the alim of describing malnalgement (1) plalnning (Plalnning), (2) Orgalnizing (4) Alctualting, (5) controlling alnd evallualting (Evallualting) science lalboraltories alt maldralsal. conducted MAlN 4, Bogor Regency. study uses al phenomenologicall method. The daltal collection techniques alre calrried out by mealns observaltion, interviews documentaltion. Dalta...

In recent years, various studies have been undertaken on how to use waste materials in civil engineering projects. Among waste materials, waste rubber has been highlighted to be used for different purposes such as reinforcing of soil and making of reinforced slopes. To investigate the properties of granulated rubber-soil mixture and its application in making of slopes behind retaining walls, so...

Optimal design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall can lead considerable cost saving if its involvement in hill road formation and railway line formation is significant.  A study of weight reduction optimization of reinforced cantilever retaining wall subjected to a sloped backfill using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is carried out in the present research.  The r...

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze factors affecting the energy intensity in provinces of Iran with emphasis on information and communications technology (ICT) index, during the period from 2010-2015. Weighted Average Least Square (WALS) method and information criteria have been applied to select the model; so that, based on WALS method, six variables among various effectiv...

cost optimization of the reinforced concrete cantilever soil retaining wall of a given height satisfying some structural and geotechnical design constraints is performed utilizing harmony search and improved harmony search algorithms. the objective function considered is the cost of the structure, and design is based on aci 318-05. this function is minimized subjected to design constraints. a n...